The first-line drug for acute myocardial infarction in dental emergency is: (PSC - Lumbini 2083)

 # The first-line drug for acute myocardial infarction in dental emergency is: (PSC - Lumbini 2083)

 A. Nitroglycerin

B. Aspirin

C. Atorvastatin

D. Metoprolol

The correct answer is A. Nitroglycerin.

In a dental office setting, a patient experiencing acute ischemic chest pain should immediately receive sublingual nitroglycerin (0.3–0.4 mg) to induce coronary vasodilation. Aspirin is also administered promptly as part of the standard emergency protocol (MONA: Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin).

Which anticoagulant is most commonly monitored using INR? (PSC - Lumbini 2083)

 # Which anticoagulant is most commonly monitored using INR? (PSC - Lumbini 2083)

A. Aspirin

B. Heparin

C. Warfarin

D. Clopidogrel

The correct answer is C. Warfarin.

 Warfarin is a Vitamin K antagonist whose therapeutic efficacy and bleeding risk must be routinely monitored using the International Normalized Ratio (INR). Antiplatelets (like Aspirin and Clopidogrel) do not require routine INR monitoring. 

The first line drug for anaphylaxis is: (PSC - Lumbini 2083)

 # The first line drug for anaphylaxis is: (PSC - Lumbini 2083)

A. Diphenhydramine

B. Epinephrine

C. Hydrocortisone

D. Oxygen

The correct answer is B. Epinephrine.

Intramuscular epinephrine (typically 0.3 to 0.5 mg of a 1:1,000 solution injected into the anterolateral thigh) is the absolute first-line drug of choice. It acts as a physiological antagonist to systemic mediators of anaphylaxis, reversing peripheral vasodilation, reducing tissue edema, and inducing bronchodilation.

The first step in any medical emergency is: (PSC - Lumbini 2083)

The first step in any medical emergency is: (PSC - Lumbini 2083)

A. Call for help

B. Assess airway, breathing, circulation (ABC)

C. Administer drugs

D. Start CPR

The correct answer is B. Airway, breathing, circulation (ABC)

Current Basic Life Support (BLS) protocols dictate that upon identifying an unresponsive patient, the immediate first step is to call for help (activate emergency response), followed instantly by the primary assessment of Circulation, Airway, and Breathing (CAB in modern AHA guidelines, historically ABC).