Important Signs in Clinical Medicine and their Significance : Murphy's Sign, Auspitz's sign, Trousseau's Sign, etc.

Important Signs and their significance

Sign	Significance
Nikolsky's sign	➤ Seen in Pemphigus, familial benign chronic pemphigus and recessive form of epidermolysis bullosa ➤ Loss of epithelium due to rubbing resulting in raw, sensitive surface
Auspitz's sign	➤ Seen in Psoriasis ➤ If the deep scales are removed, one or more tiny bleeding points are disclosed
Higoumenaki's sign	➤ Seen in congenital syphilis ➤ Characterized by irregular thickening of sternoclavicular portion of clavicle
Trousseau's sign	➤ Seen in tetany (Hypoparathyroidism) ➤ Trousseau's sign is the appearance of carpal spasm after application of  pressure on the arm by inflation of the sphygmomanometer cuff

Sign	Significance
Chvostek's sign	➤ Seen in tetany ➤ tapping at the angle of the jaw stimulates the facial nerve and causes twitching of the muscles of the face on the same side
Battle's sign	➤ Seen in subcondylar fractures and fractures involving base of skull ➤ Characterized by ecchymosis in the post auricular region over the mastoid process
Guiren's sign	➤ Seen in Le-fort I fracture ➤ Seen as ecchymosis near greater palatine foramen
"Hanging drop sign"  in radiograph	➤ Indicates orbital floor fracture ➤ It is due to herniation of inferior oblique and inferior rectus muscles in to  antrum ➤Best demonstrated in Water's projection
Crowe's sign (Axillary freckling)	➤ Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis (Elephant man syndrome)
Murphy's sign	➤ Seen in Cholecystitis
Tinel's sign	➤ Used Earlier as an indication of the start of nerve regeneration ➤ It is elicited by percussion over the divided nerve, which results in tingling sensation in the part supplied by the peripheral section