Must know Facts about Local Anesthetics / LA

This table lists some unique properties of local anesthetic agents.

Properties	Local Anesthetic
Natural local anesthetic agent	Cocaine
Local anesthetic agent with intrinsic vasoconstriction property	Cocaine
LA which is most dilating of all	Procaine
LA which has least dilating property LA which is used in patients in whom a vasoconstrictor is not required	Mepivacaine
Safest LA that is given in children	2-Chloroprocaine (due to short duration and less toxicity)
Most toxic of all LA agents	Propoxycaine
LA which causes methemoglobinemia	Prilocaine, Articaine

Properties	Local Anesthetic
Waer insoluble topical anesthesia	Benzocaine Lidocaine base (5%)
Water soluble topical anesthesia	Tetracaine Lidocaine hydrochloride (2 or 4 %)
LA with the longest duration of action	Etidocaine (200 min) Bupivacaine (175 min) Tetracaine (175 min)
LA with the shortest duration of action	2-Chloroprocaine
LA which is widely used in dentistry	Lidocaine
EMLA (Eutectic mixture of local anesthetics)	Lidocaine + Prilocaine
LA which causes cutaneous vasoconstriction	Ropivacaine
LA with high pKa Value	Procaine
LA which undergoes biotransformation in Kidney	Prilocaine