A. Mandibular primary incisor teeth area
B. Mandibular primary canine teeth area
C. Mandibular primary second molar area
D. Maxillary primary incisor area
# The term space maintenance refers to:
A. the preservation of space for a permanent tooth in a child's mouth
B. the preservation of total arch length or of all the permanent teeth in the arch in a child's mouth
C. the preservation of mesial drift after the loss of a tooth
D. none of the above
# The space maintainer which is contraindicated in a child suffering from sub acute bacterial endocarditis is:
A. Removable
B. Crown and loop
C. Band and loop
D. Distal shoe
# Which of the following about band and loop space maintainer is incorrect?
A. It is a unilateral fixed appliance used in the posterior segment
B. It is a loop soldered with the stainless steel crown
C. Stainless steel crown may be banded like any other natural teeth
D. This loop is only limited to maintain the space of one tooth
# Which of the following is recommended for bilateral premature exfoliation of mandibular canines?
A. Nance appliance
B. Lingual arch
C. Band and loop
D. Distal shoe appliance
# Daniella, a 4 year old got her lower second molar extracted due to caries, the possible line of treatment is:
A. Distal shoe space maintainer
B. Band and loop between primary first molar and permanent first molar
C. Removable partial denture
D. No active treatment is necessary
# A mandibular lingual holding arch with loops mesial to each molar band is used in children for:
A. Correction
B. Regaining space
C. Space maintenance only
D. Correction of distally tilted molars
# In an eight year old child, there is insufficient space in the upper anterior segment for the upper permanent lateral incisors to erupt. Treatment is:
A. Disk the proximal surface of maxillary incisors
B. Disk deciduous canines and first molars
C. Extract the deciduous first molars
D. No treatment required but observe
# The appliance used to treat thumbsucking is:
A. Crib appliance
B. Frankel appliance
C. Bionator
D. Activator
# The distal shoe type of space maintainer is indicated in:
A. Loss of primary anterior tooth
B. If the primary 2nd molar is lost before the eruption of permanent first molar
C. If the primary 2nd molar is lost before the eruption of permanent first molar
D. Loss of primary first molar
# Function of space maintainers:
A. Prevent Supra eruption of opposite tooth
B. Prevent migration of teeth
C. Maintain space
D. All of the above
# A space maintainer is least indicated for premature loss of a:
A. Primary maxillary first molar
B. Primary mandibular first molar
C. Primary mandibular central incisor
D. Primary maxillary central incisor
# Best space maintainer is:
A. Active space maintainer
B. Passive space maintainer
C. Band and Loop
D. Pulpotomized primary tooth
# Which of the following is not a procedure of preventive orthodontics?
A. Topical fluoride applications
B. Serial extractions
C. Lip Guard
D. Thumb sucking correction
# The best space maintainer for the early loss of upper primary incisor is the pin and tube maintainer, because:
A. It is esthetically acceptable.
B. It does not injure the upper lip.
C. It is easy to fabricate.
D. It allows lateral growth of the bone.
# Which of the following is a new slow type palatal expander ?
A. NiTi Expander
B. Hyrax expander
C. Quad helix
D. Molar rotator
# Normal facial index is:
A. 65-75 %
B. 75-80 %
C. 80-90 %
D. 100 %
# Serial extraction was introduced by:
A. Hawley Adam
B. Frankel
C. Kjellgren
D. Nance
# Serial extraction is contraindicated in all of the following except:
A. Canine Impaction
B. Missing Premolars
C. Class II Div I malocclusion
D. Crowding of deciduous dentition
# Developing cross bites are treated by using:
A. Z spring
B. Tongue blade
C. Cross bite elastics
D. Bite plane
# In serial extraction procedure if maxillary first premolar is extracted, then maxillary canine erupts in which direction?
A. Downward
B. Downward - Backward
C. Downward - Forward
D. Forward
# Serial extractions are indicated in patients who have:
A. Class II molar relation
B. Excessive overbite
C. Class I molar relation
D. Class III molar relation
# Which is not a contraindication for serial extraction?
A. Impaction of canine
B. Lingual tipping of incisors
C. Ditching
D. Open bite
# Serial extraction should not be undertaken if there is:
A. Crowding
B. Presence of ectopic eruption
C. Deep bite or open bite
D. None of the above
# The main reason for replacing premature loss of primary anterior teeth:
A. Form and Function
B. Speech and Esthetics
C. Space maintenance
D. None of the above
# Nance method of serial extraction procedure is extraction of:
A. D,4,C
B. C,D,4
C. 4,D,C
D. C,4,D
# A substantial increase in maxillary width is usually best obtained by placing:
A. Lingual arch wire
B. A sutural expansion fixed appliance
C. Posterior inter-maxillary cross elastics
D. A face bow with an expanded inner bow
# Extraction of mandibular first molar in an 8 year old child is known as:
A. Wilkinson's extraction
B. Compensatory extraction
C. Serial Extraction
D. Orthodontic extraction
# A 12 year old boy was subjected to rapid maxillary expansion (RME) for the correction of bilateral posterior cross bite. The maximum separation of the mid palatine suture will occur:
A. in the molar region
B. in the premolar region
C. at the posterior nasal spine
D. Between the two central incisors
# In expansion screws an expansion of 90 degrees causes an expansion of:
A. 0.20 mm
B. 0.10 mm
C. 0.36 mm
D. 0.09 mm
# The extraction of upper first molars may be indicated:
A. when the removal of 4/4 provides insufficient space
B. when they are rotated
C. when their prognosis is poor
D. when 5/5 are palatally placed
# Which of the following appliances is not used for slow maxillary expansion?
A. Jack screw
B. Coffin spring
C. Quad Helix appliance
D. Hyrax appliance
# Quad Helix:
A. Widens the upper arch
B. Is used in cleft lip
C. Retracts the upper canine
D. Is a bite-opening device
# Which of the following permanent tooth is least extracted for orthodontic treatment?
A. Canines
B. Maxillary first permanent molar
C. First molar
D. Second molar
# The arch length preservation can be best carried out by:
A. Placing a lingual arch
B. Restoring a carious teeth
C. Placing band and loop space maintainer
D. Placing an acrylic removable space maintainer
# Rapid palatal expansion using a Hyrax screw is an example of:
A. Extra-oral anchorage
B. Intermaxillary anchorage
C. Muscular anchorage
D. Reciprocal anchorage
# Rapid maxillary expansion is not indicated after:
A. 6 years
B. 9 years
C. 12 years
D. 15 years
# Premature exfoliation of the primary mandibular canine is most often the sequelae of which of the following?
A. Caries
B. Trauma
C. Serial tooth extraction
D. Arch length inadequacy
# During mixed dentition stage, which of the following appliance should be used as a space maintainer for missing primary molars in mandibular arch?
A. Distal shoe
B. Nance holding arch
C. Passive lingual arch
D. Removable functional acrylic
# Force required for headgear to restrain maxillary growth is:
A. 50-100 gm per side
B. 150-200 gm per side
C. 250-500 gm per side
D. 750-1000 gm per side
# Typically rapid palatal expansion is done with a jack screw that is activated at the rate of:
A. 1-2 mm per week
B. 1-2 mm per day
C. 0.5-1 mm per week
D. 0.5-1 mm per day
# An expansion appliance made with an expansion screw is an example of:
A. Simple anchorage
B. Reciprocal anchorage
C. Multiple anchorage
D. Reinforced anchorage
# The ratio of skeletal:dental expansion obtained finally after rapid palatal expansion is :
A. 4:1
B. 3:1
C. 2:1
D. 1:1
# Treatment objective for serial extraction:
A. is to intercept a developing arch-length deficiency and to reduce or eliminate the need for extensive appliance therapy
B. is to reduce arch length discrepancy
C. is to plan for extensive appliance therapy
D. is to reduce arch length deficiency to plan for extensive appliance therapy
# Crossbites are often seen in the developing dentition in the molar region, the treatment is:
A. move both molars for correction
B. Extract one molar
C. extract both molars
D. possibility of functional interference considered and shift of mandible to be taken into account
# Which of the following factors is important when space maintenance is considered after the untimely loss of primary teeth?
A. Chronologic age of patient
B. Skeletal age of patient
C. Dental age of patient
D. Biologic age of patient
# In Dewel's method of serial extraction, the second step involved is to:
A. Extract deciduous canine only
B. Extract first premolar
C. Extract first deciduous molar only
D. Extract both deciduous canine and first deciduous molar
# Serial extractions are indicated when there is:
A. No skeletal discrepancy with dental crowding >10 mm
B. No skeletal discrepancy with dental crowding between 5-7 mm
C. Skeletal discrepancy >5 degrees
D. Skeletal discrepancy >10 degrees with dental crowding <5 br="" mm="">
# "Guidance to eruption" is another term for:
A. Frankel's appliance
B. Activator
C. Serial extraction
D. Bionator
# The tendency for drifting of posterior teeth into extraction space is more in:
A. Mandible
B. Maxilla
C. Maxilla and Mandible
D. Primary than permanent teeth
# Which among the following about removable space maintainers is wrong?
A. Being tissue born, they impose less stress on remaining teeth
B. By virtue of tissue stimulation, they often accelerate the eruption of teeth between them
C. They can be functional in the truest sense, hence better patient cooperation can be expected
D. Easier to fabricate, requiring less chairside time
# What is the chief disadvantage of a nonfunctional fixed space maintainer?
A. Prevent lateral jaw growth
B. Difficult to fabricate
C. Difficulty in maintaining proper oral hygiene
D. Continued eruption of opposing tooth
# Space regaining is indicated in all of the following except:
A. one or more permanent teeth have been lost
B. some space in the arch has been lost due to mesial drift of first permanent molar
C. mixed dentition analysis shows that once the lost space is gained back, there will not be any arch length-tooth material discrepancy
D. first molars are in end to end relation due to class II skeletal base and prognathic maxilla
# Ideally a malocclusion should be treated between the age of:
A. 5 and 8 years
B. 8 and 10 years
C. 10 to 12 years
D. The age at which a malocclusion is treated depends upon the problem involved
# Preventive and interceptive orthodontics is no longer viable after the eruption of:
A. Permanent second molars
B. Primary second molars
C. Permanent first molar
D. Permanent lateral incisors
# All are advantages of removable space maintainers EXCEPT:
A. Easy to clean
B. Permit maintenance of proper oral hygiene
C. they maintain vertical dimension
D. Band construction is necessary
# During arch deficiency, which tooth is most commonly out of the arch:
A. 1st premolar
B. 2nd premolar
C. 1st molar
D. 2nd molar
# Contraindication of band and loop space maintainer are all except:
A. High caries susceptibility
B. Single tooth missing in posterior region
C. Moderate to severe space loss
D. Lower anterior crowding
# Which of the following orthodontic appliance allows "passive expansion"?
A. Transpalatal arch
B. Quad helix
C. Frankel
D. Rapid Maxillary Expansion
# Which of the following does not function as a space maintainer?
A. Lingual arch
B. Stainless steel crown
C. Class II restoration
D. Palatal Expander