1. Define Dental caries. Discuss the histological features of enamel caries. [1+5=6]
2. Enumerate the potentially malignant disorders affecting the oral cavity. Describe the pathogenesis and histological gradings of OSMF. [1+2+2=5]
3. Enumerate the proliferative lesions of the oral cavity. Add a note on epithelial papilloma. [2+3=5]
4. Write short notes on: [3*3=9]
a. Garre's Osteomyelitis
b. Carcinoma In Situ
c. Kaposi's Sarcoma
[Section 'C' 25 marks]
5. A 40 year old male patient came with the complaint of a non healing ulcer on his lateral border of tongue since three and half months.
a. Write the differential diagnosis of an ulcer on the oral cavity. [2]
The patient had habit of using tobacco for 3-4 years but had stopped since 5 years. On examination, the ulcer was indurated having rolled out border and was painful. The lymph nodes were painful and mobile.
b. What is the most likely diagnosis? [1]
c. Discuss the histological features and its different grades. [2+1=3]
6. Enumerate the benign connective tissue tumors of the oral cavity. Write in Brief on Hemangioma. [2+3=5]
7. Enlist the family of Pemphigus. Discuss the pathogenesis and histological features of Pemphigus vulgaris. [1+2+2=5]
8. Write short notes on: [3*3=9]
a. Tzanck Test
b. Teeth as an age estimation tool
c. Stomatitis nicotina palatine
Most people don't know that dental pain is not the only symptom of dental diseases. Even we dentists before going to the dental college were unaware of the fact that the teeth may never be painful but are lost untimely due to periodontitis. In fact, there is no such thing as untimely loss. If you lose your permanent teeth before you die, that is untimely loss of teeth. Because, you need to eat until the day you die. And, When you lose your teeth earlier, your choices of food change, your amount of food changes and your speech becomes less understandable and children and youngsters hate being around with you because of the foul odor emanating from your oral cavity. Let's discuss some symptoms other than dental pain that may be an indication of oral and dental disease for which you need to see a dentist for consultation.
1. Loosening of teeth
Loosening of teeth which used to be firm can be due to various reasons including trauma, periodontitis, trauma from occlusion, and any other underlying pathology. Whenever calculus deposits around teeth and harbors a lot of plaque and bacteria, the gums start receding and the teeth appear longer. The bony support to the teeth is also compromised as the height of alveolar bone also decreases. As a result teeth start to feel loose. But, this phenomenon is completely painless. You'll probably lose your teeth in next few years if you ignore these symptoms.
2. Bleeding of Gums while brushing
Bleeding of gums is the first clinical sign of gingivitis, which is a technical term for inflammation of the gums or gingiva. Whenever the oral hygiene is poor and plaque and calculus deposits develop, then the gums become reddish and enlarged, tend to bleed more easily. If not treated in time, gingivitis may progress to periodontitis and more unfavorable will be the prognosis of the teeth.
3. Foul Breath
Foul breath is the most disgusting thing which could turn off your nearest ones and may affect your life emotionally and financially as well. How can you convince a potential customer for sale if he runs away from you from a two-meter distance? This could be due to a lot of disorders which may originate in any part of the Gastrointestinal tract up to the stomach and sometimes even due to nasal and sinus cavity problems. Whatever may be the cause, it can be diagnosed and symptoms could be minimized. Most of the cases are due to tongue coating and presence of deep pockets in the gingiva. Proper oral hygiene and Oral prophylaxis will help to promote overall oral health as well as this particular symptom.
Likewise, there are many problems other than dental pain such as pus discharge from the gums, painful ulcers on the tongue and corners of mouth, yellowish hue of teeth, blackening of teeth and many more. You need not wait till the toothache is intolerable for consulting a dentist. A simple cavity that could have been restored two months back might deteriorate into a deep pulpitis which requires a root canal treatment costing you more time, money and suffering.
People these days have adopted a noisier, more violent and more partying lifestyle. They expect every day to be a party day. And, that party too, must be with a deafening loud DJ music in which more than 5-6 notes are played at any instant. Overloaded music in very high volume, intense exercises and cardiovascular workout trainings, movie shows, dance Clubs and Restaurants, all are ruling the current world. Have you ever contemplated why is it happening so? Yes, in the days of past, there used to be fairs too, loudspeakers with music used to be played, but they were gentler and less disturbing to a calm soul observing it. An enlightened soul also cannot tolerate the upbeats and cacophony of the revelry these days, it is becoming extreme.
Well, that might be due to the rat race that is going on. People need to have good grades, get a good job and earn a lot of money before they are reputable in society. While trying to do so, everyone finds himself in the chasm of servitude, helplessness, and despair. Every second you are constantly reminded of what you are supposed to do and what you are not supposed to do. You need something that will distract you from the continuous unlimited pressure. Had it been a physical pressure, today's men would simply be flat pulps of broad broad plates. Thankfully it doesn't have any physical significance.
When you sit quietly in a silent room with your eyes closed, you cannot remain calm. However hard you try, your inner soul is fighting a war. To overcome this by turning off the internal conflict seems nearly impossible. Then, comes the role of temporary distractors, Clubs, Partying, Alcohol, Smoking, Prostitution and what not. You cannot calm the inner soul, you cannot hear the voice without being agitated yourself so that you try to keep your focus out of it, by turning the volume of the outside more higher and higher. But, that relief lasts only till the music is on, only till the battery lasts, only till the alcohol flowing through your nerves last. Then again you hear the noise, again you feel agitated. It takes a simple reflection into one's self to know and observe this fact. But, who dares to give it a try?
Next time when you go to the party, don't drink a single drink and observe each person at the party very well. See how they are calming themselves, imagine how would they feel tomorrow morning, in a crowded park or a bus, just remain quiet and observe people, hear their conversation and realise your inner soul's voice. Hear it and befriend it. Then from the next time, you don't need any high volume music, alcohol, smoke, or any other transient auxiliaries to keep you high, you'll get a natural high all the time.
Subject: General Medicine (New Course) Level : BDS Third Year
Time: 2 Hours and 30 Minutes
Full Marks: 50
SECTION 'B' - 25 Marks
1. Discuss about the clinical features, complications, investigations and treatment and prophylaxis of Malarial fever. [1+1+1+2+1=6]
2. Discuss the etiology, clinical features of Infective Endocarditis. Add a note on dental prophylaxis. [1+1+3=5]
3. Enumerate the risk factors and complications of Essential Hypertension. Discuss the management of acute severe asthma.[1+1+3=5]
4. Write short notes on: [3*3=9]
a. Clinical Features and Treatment of Pneumonia
b. Portal Hypertension
c. Bacillary Dysentery: Management and prevention
[Section 'C' 25 marks]
5. Define and classify anemias. A 17 year old gives history of bleeding gums and menorrhagia. Her platelet count is 15000/mm3. Bone marrow examination shows increased megakaryocytes. How would treat this case? [0.5+1.5+4=6]
6. Define normal Erythropoiesis. Differentiate nephrotic and nephritic syndrome. [2+3=5]
7. Discuss the clinical features and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Mention micro and macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus. [2+3=5]
8. Write short notes on: [3*3=9]
a. Trigeminal Neuralgia
b. Rickets
c. Anaphylactic shock
Dental extraction is one of the most feared treatments. It is the treatment that can be attributed for all the dental phobia and people hating dentists. Because pain is anticipated and the threshold of pain tolerance is lowered much. But, when performed under appropriate local anesthesia, Dental Extractions are completely painless procedures.
Another reason people fear dental extraction is that they are left with an open wound and empty socket that is often painful after the effect of local anesthetic wears off and the numbness of the tongue and lips disappear. So, they are instructed by the operating dentist to take a tablet of analgesic (usually NSAID- Ibuprofen 400 mg or Paracetamol 500 mg) which will start showing its effect before the effect of local anesthetic wears off.
Here are some of the things you can do to heal your extraction socket faster. To make things more retentive, Let's tabulate them into DOs and DON'Ts.
Things TO Do:
1. Press hard on the gauze piece for half an hour to apply sufficient pressure on the socket and stop bleeding allowing the formation of blood clot. Minimize speaking for up to 3-4 hours.
2. Take one tablet of Ibuprofen 400 mg or Paracetamol 500 mg immediately after removing the gauze piece. This will alleviate the pain.
3. Take only soft foods for a few days. Eat foods only after cooling them. Excessive hot foods will dissolve the clot and initiate fresh bleeding.
4. Maintain good oral hygiene and brush teeth as usual. But, do not brush over the extraction socket directly.
5. Rinse gently with lukewarm saltwater thrice daily for up to 5-7 days after extraction for lowering the bacterial load and minimizing the chances of infection of the wound site.
Things NOT TO DO:
1. Do not smoke or chew tobacco or drink alcohol for at least 7 days. Smoking will create negative pressure and dislodge the clot which induces fresh bleeding and increases the tendency to have a dry socket which is very painful. It will decrease blood flow and delay healing of the socket.
2. Do not spit for 2-3 days. Swallow all the saliva.
3. Don't eat hard or sticky foods, don't sip beverages with a straw and don't play the wound area with tongue. All these will dislodge the clot.
4. Do not do vigorous exercise for a few days.
It is normal to have some blood-tinged saliva for up to 24 hours. Don't freak out if you notice any. If excessive fresh bleeding continues even after hours, take a clean gauze piece / clean cotton handkerchief and bite on it firmly over the socket for half an hour to control the bleeding.
Contact or visit your dentist if an emergency occurs.
If you take care of the infection and follow these instructions carefully, you will have a speedy recovery from the dental extraction and healing of the extraction socket is uneventful.
Subject: General Medicine Level : BDS III (New Course)
Time: 2 Hours and 30 Minutes Date: 9th Dec, 2018
Full Marks: 50
INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATE
Answer each section in a separate answer book.
Write brief, relevant and legible answers.
Illustrate your answers with well-labeled diagrams wherever required.
All questions are compulsory.
SECTION 'B' - 25 Marks
1. A 17 years old boy, presented with high fever, shortness of breath and palpitation. On examination, he was pale and heart murmur was audible. [1+3+2=6]
a. What is your likely diagnosis?
b. What investigations will you do to confirm the diagnosis?
c. How will you manage him?
2. How do you diagnose bronchial asthma? Write down the treatment of acute severe asthma. [2+3=5]
3. What is septic shock? How do you manage? [1+4=5]
4. Write short notes on: [3*3=9]
a. Treatment of Malaria
b. Acute viral hepatitis
c. Dysentery
[Section 'C' 25 marks]
5. A 15 years old lady presented with the history of gum bleeding and repeated respiratory tract infections. On examination, she was pale with splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. [2+4=6]
a. What are your likely differential diagnosis?
b. What investigations will you do to confirm the diagnosis?
6. How do you diagnose Diabetes mellitus? Enumerate the complications of diabetes. [2+3=5]
7. What are the causes and management of hypovolemic shock? [2+3=5]
8. Write short notes on: [3*3=9]
a. Anti-hypertensive drugs
b. Corticosteroids
c. Acute renal failure
Unemployment or joblessness is the situation of actively looking for employment but not being currently employed. There are many types of unemployment out of which let's see some forms of unemployment that is prevalent in dentistry. Unemployment can be voluntary, i.e. a person does not take a job because he is not satisfied with the salary and benefits he will be receiving in proportion to the working hours. There are jobs available, but the pay is too little, say Rs. 15000-20000 per month for a dentist. This is a situation of voluntary unemployment. And there may be relative unemployment too, which is a person who could get a job offer of Rs. 50,000 per month is doing Rs. 20,000 per month job due to unavailability of the job and is actively searching for some job with better pay. The person has qualification for a better job but is forced to settle for less. This situation is not absolute unemployment but is called relative unemployment.
NOTE: It has been proved that you will retain more of what you study if you test yourself immediately after studying. For that, Watch this Video and Study all the MCQs first and then Test yourself by taking the Quiz below.
# Which of the following is not an advantage of marsupialization?
A. Exposure of very little bone
B. Preservation of vital structure
C. Rapid healing
D. Conserve surgical sutures
# Needle aspiration of a central bone lesion is useful:
A. to rule out a vascular lesion
B. to determine thickness of buccal plate
C. to diagnose traumatic bone cyst
D. to feel root surfaces
# Which of the following surgery is indicated for the removal of the 3 cm ameloblastoma involving the inferior border of the mandible?
A. Enucleation
B. Fulguration
C. Cryosurgery
D. Resection
Subject: Oral Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Odontology Level : BDS III (New Course)
Time: 2 Hours and 30 Minutes Date: 7th Dec, 2018
Full Marks: 50
INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATE
Answer each section in a separate answer book.
Write brief, relevant and legible answers.
Illustrate your answers with well-labeled diagrams wherever required.
All questions are compulsory.
SECTION 'B' - 25 Marks
1. A 50 years male presented with difficulty in opening mouth since two months. The patient has the habit of chewing areca nut and smoking tobacco since 7 years. On examination, oral mucosa showed blanching and white fibrous bands bilaterally. [1+1+2+2 = 6]
a. What could be the most probable diagnosis of the above lesion?
b. List the differential diagnosis of the lesion.
c. Discuss the etiopathogenesis and histological grading of this lesion.
2. Enumerate pigmented lesions of oral cavity. Describe 5 criteria for clinical diagnosis of melanoma. Add a note on histological variants of melanoma. [1+2+2=5]
3. Enumerate the fungal infections of oral cavity. Describe oral candidiasis in detail. [1+4=5]
4. Write short notes on: [3*3=9]
a. Verrucous hyperplasia vs Verrucous carcinoma
b. Ghost cell
c. Recent advances in caries detection
[Section 'C' 25 marks]
5. Classify salivary gland tumor. Describe histogenesis, etiology, Clinical Features and Histopathology of adenolymphoma. [2+1+1+1+1=6]
6. Classify vesiculobullous lesions affecting the oral cavity. Discuss pathogenesis of Lichen planus. [2+3=5]
7. Role of a Dentist in Forensic Medicine [5]
8. Write Short notes on: [3*3=9]
a. Adaptation Syndrome
b. Cytological Smear
c. Reimplantation and Transplantation of teeth in brief
NOTE: It has been proved that you will retain more of what you study if you test yourself immediately after studying. For that, Watch this Video and Study all the MCQs first and then Test yourself by taking the Quiz below.
# Sodium content of iontophoresis is:
A. 1 %
B. 2 %
C. 3 %
D. 4 %
# What is resistance form in endodontics?
A. a shape which resists extrusion of filling through the apex
B. a shape which resists fracture of root tip during condensation
C. a shape which allows insertion of plugger for vertical condensation
D. a shape which allows insertion of spreader for lateral condensation
# Appointment for hypertensive patient should be given in:
A. Early morning
B. Noon
C. Afternoon
D. Evening
# Appointment for asthmatic patient should be given in:
A. Morning
B. Afternoon
C. Evening
D. Anytime
# Appointment time for children in general should not exceed:
A. 30 minutes
B. 45 minutes
C. 60 minutes
D. 90 minutes
# Intravenous anesthesia is:
A. Propofol
B. Sevoflurane
C. Flumazenil
D. Naloxone
# About K file, all are true EXCEPT:
A. has more number of flutes than reamer
B. K file is more flexible than reamer
C. Used to machine the dentin
D. Made up of triangular/square blank
# In class III case to prevent the growth of mandible, the force used with chin cup is:
A. 0.5-1 gm/mm2 condylar surface area
B. 6-7 gm/mm2 condylar surface area
C. 15-20 gm/mm2 condylar surface area
D. 30-35 gm/mm2 condylar surface area
# Highest source of Vitamin E is:
A. Liver
B. Cod Liver oil
C. Fish
D. Wheat germ oil
# Hypoplasia of enamel is caused by the deficiency of :
A. Vitamin A and D
B. Vitamin A and B
C. Vitamin B and D
D. Vitamin B and C
# Pigmentation is caused by all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Cushing syndrome
B. Addison's disease
C. Albright's disease
D. Puetz Jegher's syndrome
# Oral pigmentation is seen in:
A. Addison's disease
B. Haemochromatosis
C. Cushing disease
D. Wilson's disease
# Swollen joint, anemic, loose teeth and dentin dysplasia are because of deficiency of:
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin B1
D. Vitamin K
# All are the disadvantages of composite, EXCEPT:
A. Time consuming procedure
B. Chances of recurrent caries
C. Technique sensitive procedure
D. causes local abrasion
# Treatment of dehydrated child patient is:
A. 0.9 % normal saline
B. 5 % dextrose
C. 10 % dextrose
D. 50 % dextrose
# Culture media of Candida is:
A. Methylene Blue Dextrose agar
B. Sabouraud's mediaum
C. Pang Levin medium
D. All of the above
# In saliva, bacteria is:
A. 500 million /ml
B. 87 million /ml
C. 45 million /ml
D. 750 million /ml
# Increase in occlusal forces within physiological limit causes:
A. Increased width of periodontal ligament
B. Decreased width of periodontal ligament
C. Width remains same
D. Trauma from occlusion
# Most important content of diet is:
A. Water
B. Protein
C. Minerals
D. Vitamins
# Copper content of High copper (third generation) amalgam is:
A. 12-32 %
B. 2 - 12 %
C. 1-6 %
D. 32 - 46 %
# All are true about calcitraumatic line EXCEPT:
A. is the developmental oblique line that is represented by alternate primary and secondary dentin formation
B. due to death of odontoblastic layer
C. It remains after caries are removed
D. Because of odontoblastic migration from cell rich zone
# Motor supply of infrahyoid muscles is:
A. Branches of cervical plexus
B. Vagus nerve
C. Glossopharyngeal nerve
D. Branchial plexus
# All of the muscles of soft palate are supplied by pharyngeal plexus EXCEPT:
A. Tensor veli palatini
B. Palatoglossus
C. Muscular uvulae
D. Palatopharyngeus
# During preparation of caries vaccine, which immunoglobin is used?
A. IgA
B. IgE
C. IgM
D. IgG
# Fluoride in blood is carried by:
A. Plasma
B. RBC
C. Both of the Above
D. WBC
# For diagnosis of mouth breathing, which is not used?
A. Rhinomanometry
B. Cephalography
C. Kinesiography
D. Mouth mirror
# What is master apex file?
A. Last file selected for obturation
B. Last file used for determination of length of root
C. Last file used for removal of soft debris from root canal
D. File used for master apical preparation
# Which of the following shows the maximum amount of immunoglobulin after secondary humoral response?
A. IgG
B. IgM
C. IgE
D. IgA
# Alkaline phosphate level increase in:
A. Hyperparathyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Pernicious anemia
D. Malnutrition
# Chronic non suppurative, low grade infection which leads to localized periosteal reaction is:
A. Garre's osteomyelitis
B. Acute osteomyelitis
C. Condensing osteitis
D. Local alveolar osteitis
# Regarding pulpal inflammation, all are true EXCEPT:
A. Release of serotonin increases pain
B. There is increase in intrapulpal pressure
C. Platelet aggregation in capillaries causes thrombosis
D. Release of mediators causes vasoconstriction
# Unattached gingiva:
A. is interdental gingiva
B. is below mucogingival fold
C. cannot be separated by probe
D. is marginal gingiva
# Chi square test :
A. measures qualitative data
B. measures both qualitative and quantitative data
C. measures the qualitative data between two proportions
D. measures the quantitative data between two proportions
# In small sample, variable independent of each other are obtained from:
A. Fischer test
B. Paired T test
C. Unpaired T test
D. Z Test
# All of the following are primary resistance form except:
A. Rounding of internal line angles
B. Flat pulpal floor
C. Depth at least 1 mm in dentin
D. Include weakened enamel portion
# Pterygomandibular space contains all, except:
A. Nerve to mylohyoid muscle
B. Long buccal nerve
C. Loose areolar tissue
D. Nerve to medial pterygoid muscle
# Regarding root caries, all are true except:
A. caused by Actinomyces viscosus
B. secondary to gingival recession
C. remineralization is difficult
D. slow progress
# Radiographically, lingual developmental groove is seen as:
A. Blurring of root canal compared to contralateral tooth
B. Small pulp chamber size and constriction of root canal compared to contralateral tooth
C. Constriction of pulp canal only
D. Large pulp chamber size and constriction of root canal compared to ipsilateral tooth
# Regarding aesthetics, all are true, EXCEPT:
A. Better when all anterior teeth should be restored simultaneously
B. Better when individual teeth is restored compared to all teeth
C. Crown length can be altered by altering the distance between developmental depressions
D. Crown size can be altered by altering the height of contour
# Most common malignant tumor in child:
A. Osteosarcoma
B. Ewing sarcoma
C. Metastatic carcinoma
D. Multiple myeloma
# Regular multiple punched out lesions are seen in:
A. Paget's disease
B. Osteosarcoma
C. Eosinophilic granuloma
D. Multiple Myeloma
# Irregular multiple punched out lesions are seen in:
A. Paget's disease
B. Osteosarcoma
C. Eosinophilic granuloma
D. Multiple Myeloma
# Folic acid deficiency is precipitated by:
A. Aspirin
B. Ranitidine
C. Cyclosporin
D. Phenytoin
# All factors are responsible for a normal clotting response, EXCEPT:
A. Thrombin
B. Plasmin
C. Vitamin K
D. Calcium
# Incision given within hairline, 45 degrees to the Zygoma is:
A. Gillie's temporal incision
B. Alkayat and Bramley incision
C. Risdon's incision
D. Moore's incision
# Darrier's disease is due to deficiency of:
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B 12
C. Immune response
D. Glucocorticoids
# Pain and Temperature sensation is carried by:
A. Lateral spinothalamic tract
B. Ventral spinothalamic tract
C. Cortical spinal tract
D. Corticobulbar tract
# Function of Merkel's cells is:
A. Tactile sensation
B. Melanophage
C. Chemoreceptor
D. Proprioception
# Graft transmitted in same species but not identical is called as:
A. Allograft
B. Isograft
C. Xenograft
D. Autograft
# Comparing hatchet and chisel, all are true about hatchet except:
A. Hatchet blade is heavier and bulkier
B. Hatchet's blade is longer
C. Hatchet's blade's cutting edge is 90 degree to long axis
D. Is beveled on one side
# Impression material of choice in OSMF patients is:
A. Addition silicone
B. Plaster of Paris
C. ZnOE
D. Condensation silicone
# In case of xerostomia, which of the following impression material is not used?
A. Alginate
B. Zinc oxide eugenol
C. Agar
D. Polyether
# Best impression material to be used for securing impression after crown preparation :
A. Alginate
B. Agar
C. Elastomer
D. Zinc Oxide paste
# The impression material preferred for making final impression in implants prosthesis is:
A. Additional silicones
B. Condensation silicones
C. Polyether
D. polysulfide
# While taking impression of flabby fibrous tissue on maxillary ridge for complete denture, care is taken to:
A. Use a tray with spacer
B. Not maintain intimate contact with tissues
C. Use a close fitting tray
D. Following normal procedures
# To make an impression of hyperplastic tissue, one should:
A. Use wax for impression
B. Use elastomeric impression to displace the tissues
C. Ensure intimate contact of impression material
D. Use specially fitted tray
# Malunion of fracture of dislocated condyle lead to functional disharmony. This is called as:
A. Ankylosis
B. Dysarthrosis
C. Metaarthrosis
D. Pseudoarthrosis
# Canine law is used in which classification?
A. Simon's classification
B. Dewey's classification
C. Lischer's classification
D. Bennet's classification
# Steepest inclined cusp is seen in:
A. Maxillary first premolar
B. Maxillary first molar
C. Mandibular second premolar
D. Mandibular first molar
# After 24 hours of setting, tensile strength of GIC is:
A. Greater than ZnPO4
B. Equal to ZnPO4
C. Lesser than ZnPO4
D. None of the above
# Lateral movement of condyle is caused by:
A. Contralateral lateral pterygoid muscle
B. Both lateral and medial pterygoid muscle
C. Ipsilateral lateral pterygoid muscle
D. Bilateral contraction of lateral pterygoid muscle
# Density of radiograph is affected by all, EXCEPT:
A. mAMP
B. KVp
C. Cone angulation
D. Thickness of object
# Which post hole design provides the most acceptable antirotation effect?
A. Antirotation notch
B. Antirotation groove in thickest part of root
C. Oval cross section in coronal third
D. Round cross section post page
# About polymerization shrinkage of composite, all are true EXCEPT:
A. Polymerization shrinkage is greater if bonded surface area is less than unbonded surface area
B. Polymerization shrinkage is high if within 1/3rd enamel margins
C. Acid etching and priming will decrease polymerization shrinkage
D. Microleakage can occur due to polymerization shrinkage
# Differences between primary and permanent enamel is:
A. In prism arrangement
B. In mineral content
C. No difference in enamel, difference in dentin
D. None of the above
# According to WHO 1997 modification, temporary restoration of temporary tooth is:
A. Carious
B. Filled with decay
C. Filled without decay
D. Filled tooth
# All are true about dentin EXCEPT:
A. Diameter of dentinal tubules decreases from pulp to dentinoenamel junction
B. No. of dentinal tubules decreases from pulp to dentinoenamel junction
C. 5-7 micrometer width of dentinal tubules
D. As depth increases, dentin bonding strength increases
# Approximately, calcification of root at the time of eruption is:
A. 75 %
B. 50 %
C. 30 %
D. 25 %
# Hypogonadism, developmental delay, loss of taste and smell is due to deficiency of:
A. Cu
B. Zn
C. K
D. Cr
# Curve passing through mandibular buccal and lingual cusp of buccal teeth is:
A. Wilson curve
B. Monson Curve
C. Curve of Spee
D. Catenary curve
# Creep rate decreases with:
A. Increased force of condensation
B. Decreased force of condensation
C. Under or overtrituration
D. Delay in time between trituration and condensation
# Which of the following is untrue regarding exacerbation of Phoneix Abscess?
A. Tooth is tender on percussion
B. No radiographic change
C. Symptoms are similar to acute alveolar abscess
D. Associated with non vital tooth
# About Gutta Percha, all are true EXCEPT:
A. It contains 60 - 70 % Gutta Percha and 20 % ZnO
B. Can be used for lateral condensation
C. With time, they become brittle
D. It has two forms: alpha and beta
# Which of the following may be filled the pathologic void of a non-perforating internal resorption?
A. Silver amalgam
B. Gutta Percha
C. ZOE
D. All of the above
# All are true about electric pulp test, EXCEPT:
A. Disintegrated pulp can show normal response
B. Pulp is more sensitive than gingiva
C. Cathode should be placed on tooth
D. Alternating current is best method to elicit pulp vitality by electric pulp test
# Adrenal insufficiency causes all, EXCEPT:
A. Hyponatremia
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Hypotension
# Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of:
A. Adrenal medulla
B. Adrenal cortex
C. Thyroid gland
D. Parathyroid gland
# All are true about radiovisiography (RVG), except:
A. 80 % reduction of patient exposure
B. Instant imaging
C. Easy storage and retrieval
D. Image is sharper than caused by halogen halide
# Third generation cephalosporin is:
A. Cefadroxil
B. Cefuroxime
C. Cefoperazone
D. Cephalexin
# Image of superimposition of molar roots on zygoma is avoided by:
A. parallelling technique
B. vertical angulation increase by 15 percent
C. horizontal angulation is accurate
D. modifying paralleling techniques along with horizontal shift or cone from distal is the best method
# About bacteriocin produced by bacteria in saliva, all are true except:
A. facilitates growth of other microorganisms
B. is a peptide
C. is of therapeutic use in prevention of caries
D. does not help in attachment of plaque
# True about dentin conditioner is:
A. It removes the smear layer.
B. It exposes collagen.
C. It opens dentinal tubules.
D. It increases surface energy.
# Sterilization of handpieces will cause all EXCEPT:
A. Loss of torque
B. Wearing of turbine
C. Rusting of body
D. Fibre loss
# Which of the following is inclusion of cytoplasm?
A. Endoplasmic reticulum
B. Ribosome
C. Golgi body
D. Glycogen
# Maximum fluoride content is found in:
A. Sea fish
B. Tea
C. Pineapple
D. Coconut water
# Fluoride concentration in tea is:
A. 58 ppm
B. 88 ppm
C. 98 ppm
D. 128 ppm
# Bond found in GIC is:
A. Covalent bond
B. Ionic bond
C. Hydrogen bond
D. Metallic bond
# In GIC, fluoride ion which leaches out is replaced by:
A. Al
B. Hydroxyl
C. Silicate
D. Carboxyl
# Bonding of GIC to tooth structure is brought about by:
A. Micromechanical bonding
B. Carboxyl groups
C. Chelates with metal ions
D. Hydroxyl group
# The ratio of no. of death under 1 year of age to total live birth per 1000 live birth per year is:
A. Infant mortality rate
B. Under 5 mortality rate
C. Child mortality rate
D. Life expectancy rate
# Interradicular bone is:
A. Cancellous
B. Cortical
C. Osteophytic
D. Exophytic
# All of the following are about efficiency of bur EXCEPT:
A. Diameter of the neck
B. Length and diameter of bur
C. Height of taper of bur
D. Spiral angle and cross section of bur
# Gum pads are divided into following section in neonates:
A. 3 in each quadrant
B. 2 in each jaw
C. 5 in each quadrant
D. 2 in each quadrant
# Outermost covering of nerve fiber is :
A. Perineurium
B. Neurolemma
C. Axolemma
D. Myelin sheath
# Type of retraction cord used in hypertensive patient is:
A. Plain retraction cord
B. Retraction cord with 8 % AlCl3
C. Retraction cord with 2 % racemic epinephrine
D. No retraction cord is used
# Absence of agglutination after mixing patient's blood in Antisera A, Antisera B and anti-D immunoglobulin sample will suggest:
A. Patient's blood group is O Rh (+)
B. Patient's blood group is O Rh (-)
C. Patient's blood group is AB Rh (+)
D. Patient's blood group is AB Rh (-)
# Engulfment of bacteria is done by:
A. Neutrophilic leukocytes
B. Small lymphocytes
C. Basophilic lymphocytes
D. Large lymphocytes
# All of the following bacteria are seen in normal periodontium EXCEPT:
A. A. viscus
B. Capnocytophaga
C. Velionella
D. Eubacteria
# All of the following are associated with periodontitis EXCEPT:
A. Actinomyces actinomycetemcomitans
B. Capnocytophaga
C. Porphyromonas gingivalis
D. Mycoplasma
# How many number of scores are found in WHO index for dental fluorosis?
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
# Axiopulpal line angle should be rounded to:
A. To prevent the fracture of amalgam
B. To prevent the fracture of enamel
C. To remove the unsupported enamel
D. To prevent the fracture of dentin
# Bevelling of internal line angle is done to:
A. prevent the fracture of amalgam
B. prevent the fracture of tooth
C. remove the unsupported enamel
D. prevent occlusal dovetails
# All are true about walking bleach, EXCEPT:
A. 1-3 appointments are required
B. Never be diluted with water and saline
C. Sodium perborate and hydrogen peroxide are mixed
D. Use of eugenol as temporary filling is contraindicated
# All are true for home bleaching EXCEPT:
A. Uses 15 % carbamide peroxide
B. In addition to bleaching agent, carbapol is used
C. Vacuum from vinyl trays are used
D. Both arches are bleached simultaneously
# Which of the following is true about noise caused by air turbine?
A. When above 75 dB, it is harmful
B. frequency is about 1000-8000 cycles per minute
C. affects elderly individuals more than younger individuals
D. Its use in younger teeth is contraindicated
# Faulty registration of occlusion cannot be directly attributed to:
A. Viscosity
B. pain in the muscles of mastication
C. pain in the TMJ
D. Skeletal class III relation
# Bennett movement of mandible is related to:
A. Condylar rotation
B. Lateral bodily movement of mandible
C. Protrusive movement of mandible
D. Edge to edge occlusion
# The interarch distance measured when the occlusal rims are in uniform contact is:
A. Freeway Space
B. Vertical dimension of occlusion
C. Vertical dimension of rest
D. Christensen's space
# Increased VDO results in:
A. Strained facial appearance
B. Trauma to underlying tissues
C. Clicking of teeth
D. All of the above
# Before an arbitrary face bow transfer record, the dentist must determine:
A. Physiologic rest position
B. Inclination of each condyle
C. Axial centre of rotation of condyle
D. Kinematic axis of movement of condyle
# Patient has difficulty in swallowing as a CD wearer. The most probable cause is:
A. Decreased vertical dimension
B. Increased vertical dimension
C. Thickness of flange
D. Decreased retention
# If the interocclusal distance is increased beyond physiologic limits, the patient's chief complaint may result from:
A. a muscular imbalance
B. an occlusal disharmony in centric
C. a displacement of the mandibular denture
D. a displacement of the manxillary denture while yawning
# The occlusal plane for the complete denture patient is determined by:
A. The facebow device which determines the occlusal plane
B. The position of the upper first molar
C. The height of the retromolar pad and anterior aesthetic height
D. The curve of spee and the anterior aesthetics
# What is the established vertical dimension freeway space in millimeters?
A. 5-6
B. 1-3
C. 2-4
D. 6-8
# Gothic arch tracing:
A. Intraoral tracing device
B. Extraoral tracing device
C. Records centric relation and the movements of mandible in horizontal plane
D. Records centric occlusion and the movements of mandible in vertical plane
# Hinge axis face bow records:
A. relationship of teeth to the axis of rotation of the jaw
B. relationship of maxilla to mandible
C. relationship of mandible to cranium
D. All of the above
# The purpose of plane of orientation is:
A. To serve as a guide in establishing occlusal plane
B. To aid in measuring height and length of posterior teeth
C. To serve as an arbitrary plane when established on the articulator
D. To divide the distance between upper and lower cast equally
# Freeway space of less than normal, in complete dentures has the following adverse result:
A. Mucosal irritation
B. Irresistible alveolar ridge resorption
C. Nonspecific ulcerations
D. Non of the above
# Hinge axis is located with the help of:
A. Ear rods
B. Maxillomandibular vertical relations
C. Kinematic face bow
D. Orbital pointer
# Freeway space is defined as:
A. Vertical dimension at rest
B. Vertical dimension at occlusion + vertical dimension at rest
C. vertical dimension at rest - vertical dimension at occlusion
D. Vertical dimension at occlusion - vertical dimension at rest
# The use of kinematic facebow is contraindicated in the edentulous patients because:
A. It has to be used on the mandibular ridge
B. Recording base may be unstable on the edentulous mandible
C. Movement of bases may lead to inaccuracy in recording hinge axis
D. All of the above
# All are consequences of edentulism except:
A. Prognathic appearance
B. Thinning of lips
C. Decreased length of lip
D. Increase in columella phhiltrum angle
# A complete denture patient complains that he has pain in his throat during swallowing. This indicates:
A. Over extended PPS
B. Over extended lingual flange
C. Over extended lingual flange in retromylohyoid region
D. His tonsils are inflammed
# Overload of denture base is caused by:
A. Small bases
B. Too large bases
C. Small teeth
D. Large teeth
# A patient who has recently received a pair of complete denture complains of difficulty in swallowing. The reason for this is most likely to be:
A. Excessive vertical dimension of occlusion with resulting decrease in interocclusal distance
B. Interocclusal distance of more than normal
C. Alveolar ridge with bony spicules
D. Candida albicans colonizing the mouth causing patient discomfort
# Indication of excess pressure on basal seats by denture bases may be best known:
A. By the patient's comment
B. By the correct use of Pressure indicator paste
C. By indelible pencil markings
D. By using occlusion wax
# The patient complains of looseness of dentures within two hours of insertion. The most likely cause is:
A. Psychological
B. Adaptive unresponsiveness
C. Deflective occlusion
D. Unretentive denture
# Numbness and tingling sensation felt in the anterior one third of the tongue can be due to:
A. Over extended lingual borders
B. Sharp and rough lingual borders
C. Allergy to residual monomer of acrylic
D. Excessive vertical dimension
# Oral examination of an edentulous patient should include digital palpation. Why?
A. The arch form is more accurately evaluated
B. Undercut areas may be better evaluated
C. The ridge relationship may be better evaluated
D. None of the above
# A patient complains of generalized soreness over the entire mandibular ridge. This is probably due to:
A. Occlusal imbalance
B. Excessive vertical dimension
C. Over extended borders
D. Under extended borders
# The normal biting force in natural dentition and complete denture is:
A. 200 N and 600 N
B. 9000 N and 7000 N
C. 100 N and 30 N
D. 600 N and 110 N
# If dentures are cleaned in boiling water, they:
A. Become sticky
B. Warp
C. Melt
D. Galvanize
# The direction of resorption of the maxillary ridge is:
A. downwards and buccally
B. upwards and lingually
C. downwards and lingually
D. upwards and bucccally
# House classification is based on:
A. Mental attitude of patient
B. Type of alveolar ridge
C. Maxilla and mandible relation
D. None of the above
# Uncontrolled diabetes poses a problem to prosthodontist as:
A. more bone resorption
B. increased salivary flow
C. less bone resorption
D. less tissue laxity
# Fleeting painful sores are caused by:
A. Overextended denture borders
B. Occluding face height being too great
C. malocclusion
D. none of the above
# Burning sensation in anterior palate of a patient wearing new complete denture may be due to:
A. Overextension in the labial sulcus area
B. Occlusal discrepancies
C. Inadequate relief of incisive papilla
D. Rough palatal Surface
# Punched out lesions on the alveolar ridge is due to:
A. Acrylic nodules on tissue surface of denture
B. Disturbed occlusion
C. Overextended borders of denture
D. Narrow occlusal table
# Which of the following is the best denture patient?
A. Skeptical
B. Philosophical
C. Critical
D. Indifferent
# In a denture wearing patient, there is:
A. no bone resorption
B. bone formation
C. Independent of denture, there is bone resorption
D. Initial bone resorption followed by bone formation
# All of the following statements about denture stomatitis are true EXCEPT:
A. It is usually not associated with a sore mouth
B. It is usually associated with wearing a denture at night
C. It is more common in diabetics
D. It is more common in men
