Which of the following craniofacial syndromes is not associated with craniosynostosis?

 # Which of the following craniofacial syndromes is not associated with craniosynostosis?

A. Apert syndrome

B. Crouzon syndrome

C. Pfeiffer syndrome

D. Treacher Collins syndrome

The correct answer is D. Treacher Collins syndrome.

Craniosynostosis is a condition in which one or more of the fibrous sutures in a young infant's skull prematurely fuses by turning into bone (ossification), thereby changing the skull's growth pattern. Because the skull cannot expand perpendicular to the fused suture, it compensates by growing more in the direction parallel to the closed sutures. Sometimes the resulting growth pattern provides the necessary space for the growing brain but results in an abnormal head shape and abnormal facial features. In cases in which the compensation does not effectively provide enough space for the growing brain, craniosynostosis results in increased intracranial pressure leading possibly to visual impairment, sleeping impairment, eating difficulties, or an impairment of mental development combined with a significant reduction in IQ.

In primary multiple suture craniosynostosis features like a cloverleaf skull & sun-setting eyes can be seen. 

Simple craniosynostosis = Premature fusion of only one suture 

Complex/compound craniosynostosis = Premature fusion of more than one/multiple sutures 

Syndromes associated with craniosynostosis are: 

• Apert syndrome 

• Crouzon syndrome 

• Pfeiffer syndrome 

• Chotzen syndrome 

• Craniofrontonasal syndrome 

• Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome 

• Baller-Gerold syndrome 

• Carpenter syndrome