Dentosphere : World of Dentistry: December 2023

Chromatolysis is:

# Chromatolysis is:

A. Disintegration of nucleus

B. Disintegration of golgi apparatus

C. Disappearance of Nissl granules

D. Decrease in cell size

The correct answer is C. Disappearance of Nissl granules.

Chromatolysis is a reactive change that occurs in the cell body of damaged neurons. It involves the dispersal and redistribution of Nissl substance (rough endoplasmic reticulum and polyribosomes) to meet an increased demand for protein synthesis.

Salivary protein which prevents transmission of HIV via saliva is:

# Salivary protein which prevents transmission of HIV via saliva is:

A. Sialoperoxidase

B. Secretory IgA

C. Salivary leukocyte protease inhibitor

D. Histidine rich proteins

The correct answer is C. Salivary leukocyte protease inhibitor.

SLPI blocks HIV-1 infection of macrophages and primary T cells at concentrations (1–10 μg/mL) that occur naturally in saliva (Shugars and Wahl, 1998). These findings suggest that SLPI may be partially responsible for the low rate of oral transmission of HIV-1.

Rotational force of extraction is used for delivery of which tooth out of the socket?

# Rotational force of extraction is used for delivery of which tooth out of the socket?

A. Upper central incisors and lower premolars

B. Upper centrals and lateral incisors

C. Upper and lower central incisors

D. Upper premolars and lower central incisors

The correct answer is A. Upper central incisors and lower premolars.

Rotational pressure, as the name implies, rotates the tooth, which causes some internal expansion of the tooth socket and tearing of periodontal ligaments. Teeth with single, conical roots (such as maxillary incisors and mandibular premolars) and those with roots that are not curved are most amenable to luxation by this technique. Teeth that have other than conical roots or that have multiple roots—especially if those roots are curved—are more likely to fracture under this type of pressure.

Ref: Contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 6th Edition, Hupp

Metapex is a combination of:

# Metapex is a combination of:

A. Calcium hydroxide + ZOE

B. ZOE + Iodoform

C. Calcium hydroxide + Iodoform

D. Calcium hydroxide + GIC

The correct answer is C. Calcium hydroxide + Iodoform.

Metapex = Calcium hydroxide + iodoform

Vitapex = Calcium hydroxide + iodoform + Silicon based oil (better flow able property)

• Ideal material for obturating primary teeth = same resorption rate as of primary tooth roots

• Both Vitapex & metapex has same resorption rate to primary tooth root but due to better flow able property of vitapex its nearly IDEAL and best material for obturation in primary teeth.

The condylar cartilage in the mandible is held to be a:

# The condylar cartilage in the mandible is held to be a:

A. Primary cartilage

B. Secondary cartilage

C. Tertiary cartilage

D. Non growing cartilage

The correct answer is B. Secondary cartilage.

Meckel's cartilage is the primary cartilage of mandible. The cartilages at the condyle, coronoid and symphysis are the secondary cartilages. The condylar cartilage is considered as the pacemaker for growth of that bone. Nasal septum is considered as the pacemaker for growth of maxilla.

In Peck and Peck index, mesiodistal and buccolingual measurements of which of the following tooth is taken:

# In Peck and Peck index, mesiodistal and buccolingual measurements of which of the following tooth is taken:

A. Maxillary central incisor

B. Mandibular central incisor

C. Maxillary premolars

D. Mandibular molars

The correct answer is B. Mandibular central incisor.

Peck and Peck index:

The mandibular incisors in persons with no crowding will have smaller mesiodistal width and large labiolingual width than in persons with incisal crowding.

The proportion of the mesiodistal width of each tooth to the labio lingual thickness is calculated using the formula:

M.D.W./L.L.W x100

Mean value for lower central incisor should be 88 to 92%.

Mean value for lower lateral incisor should be 90 to 95%

If the calculated value is greater than mean value, it indicates that the mesiodistal width is more than labiolingual width and hence proximal stripping is indicated.

Care 32 Dental, Changunarayan 2, Bhaktapur

Name of Dental Clinic: Care 32 Dental

Address (Full): Changunarayan 2, Bhaktapur

Year of Establishment: 2080

Name of the chief Dental Surgeon: Dr. Sabin Gwachha, Dr. Anamol Dumaru

CONTACT NUMBER: 9813510103

NMC Number of Dental Surgeon: 30599

CLICK HERE TO VIEW ALL DENTAL CLINICS OF BAGMATI PROVINCE

According to Edward H. Angle's classification of malocclusion, what is the defining characteristic of Class III malocclusion?

# According to Edward H. Angle's classification of malocclusion, what is the defining characteristic of Class III malocclusion?

A) Normal relationship of the molars but malposed teeth

B) Lower molar distally positioned relative to the upper molar

C) Lower molar mesially positioned relative to the upper molar

D) Correct line of occlusion with rotated teeth

The correct answer is C. Lower molar mesially positioned relative to the upper molar.

Angle’s classification of malocclusion in the 1890s was an important step in the development of orthodontics because it not only subdivided major types of malocclusion but also included the first clear and simple definition of normal occlusion in the natural dentition. Angle’s postulate was that the upper first molars were the key to occlusion and that the upper and lower molars should be related so that the mesiobuccal cusp of the upper molar occludes in the buccal groove of the lower molar. If the teeth were arranged on a smoothly curving line of occlusion and this molar relationship existed, then normal occlusion would result. This statement, which 100 years of experience has proved to be correct except when there are aberrations in the size of teeth, brilliantly simplified normal occlusion.

Angle then described three classes of malocclusion, based on the occlusal relationships of the first molars:

• Class I: Normal relationship of the molars, but line of occlusion incorrect because of malposed teeth, rotations, or other causes

• Class II: Lower molar distally positioned relative to upper molar, line of occlusion not specified

• Class III: Lower molar mesially positioned relative to upper molar, line of occlusion not specified

Ref: Proffit, W. R., Fields, H., Msd, D. M., Larson, B., & Sarver, D. M. (2019). Contemporary Orthodontics, 6e: South Asia Edition-E-Book. Elsevier India.

What was Norman Kingsley's contribution to orthodontics during the latter half of the 19th century?

# What was Norman Kingsley's contribution to orthodontics during the latter half of the 19th century?

A) He developed the first orthodontic appliances in Greek materials.

B) He was among the first to use extraoral force to correct protruding teeth.

C) He introduced the concept of occlusion in the natural dentition.

D) He focused on the removal of teeth for various dental problems.

The correct answer is B. He was among the first to use extraoral force to correct protruding teeth.

After 1850 the first texts that systematically described orthodontics appeared, the most notable being Norman Kingsley’s Oral Deformities. Kingsley, who had a tremendous influence on American dentistry in the latter half of the 19th century, was among the first to use extraoral force to correct protruding teeth. He was also a pioneer in the treatment of cleft palate and related problems.

Ref: Proffit, W. R., Fields, H., Msd, D. M., Larson, B., & Sarver, D. M. (2019). Contemporary Orthodontics, 6e: South Asia Edition-E-Book. Elsevier India.

Initial clicking of TMJ is a sign of:

# Initial clicking of TMJ is a sign of:

A. Retruded condyle

B. Unevenness of condylar surfaces

C. Incoordination between condylar surfaces and disc

D. Condyle too far anterior in relation to disc

The correct answer is A. Retruded condyle.

Early stages of disc displacement are characterised by clicking. Clicking can be heard while opening the mouth, while closing the mouth, or both. An opening click signifies recapture of the displaced disc between the articulating joint surfaces. A closing click occurs just prior to tooth contact and is not as loud as the opening click. When the disc becomes non-reducible, i.e. there is no recapture of the disc while opening the mouth, the clicking reduces in intensity or vanishes.

In the early stages (disc displacement with reduction), patients have been described as having increased range of anterior condylar translation. As the stage of disc displacement without reduction ensues, the patient encounters reduced mouth opening and even locked closed in some cases.

Ref: Mehndiratta A, Kumar J, Manchanda A, et al. Painful clicking jaw: a pictorial review of internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint. Pol J Radiol. 2019;84:e598-e615. Published 2019 Dec 23. doi:10.5114/pjr.2019.92287

The best space maintainer for the early loss of upper primary incisor is the pin and tube maintainer, because :

# The best space maintainer for the early loss of upper primary incisor is the pin and tube maintainer, because :

A. It is aesthetically acceptable

B. It does not injure the upper lip

C. It is easy to fabricate

D. It allows lateral growth of the bone

The correct answer is D. It allows lateral growth of the bone.

The removable pin and tube space maintainer is designed to prevent space loss after the premature loss of a primary incisor. It allows for the natural lateral growth of the bone and provides sufficient space for the permanent tooth to erupt properly. This type of space maintainer is usually considered effective and well-tolerated by patients. While aesthetics and ease of fabrication are also important considerations, the primary purpose of a space maintainer is to preserve the space for the permanent tooth and support proper oral development.

Salt and pepper appearance in MRI of salivary gland is suggestive of:

# Salt and pepper appearance in MRI of salivary gland is suggestive of:

A. Sjogren syndrome

B. Thalassemia

C. Mumps

D. Salivary gland tumor

The correct answer is A. Sjogren syndrome.

A salt and pepper appearance of the salivary glands on MRI is particularly suggestive of Sjogren syndrome. Salt and pepper appearance of IOPA X rays is seen in Thalassemia.

Which visceral arch is rudimentary in humans?

# Which visceral arch is rudimentary in humans?

A. 4th

B. 5th

C. 6th

D. 7th

The correct answer is B. 5th.

The pharyngeal arches, also known as visceral arches, are structures seen in the embryonic development of vertebrates that are recognisable precursors for many structures.

In the human embryo, the arches are first seen during the fourth week of development. They appear as a series of outpouchings of mesoderm on both sides of the developing pharynx. The vasculature of the pharyngeal arches is known as the aortic arches.

During human, and all vertebrate development, a series of pharyngeal arch pairs form in the developing embryo. These project forward from the back of the embryo toward the front of the face and neck. Each arch develops its own artery, nerve that controls a distinct muscle group, and skeletal tissue. The arches are numbered from 1 to 6, with 1 being the arch closest to the head of the embryo, and arch 5 existing only transiently.

What is the most superior point of the external auditory canal?

# What is the most superior point of the external auditory canal?

A. Sella

B. Porion

C. Basion

D. Orbitale

The correct answer is B. Porion.

The porion is the most superior point of the external auditory canal. The sella is the center of the hypophyseal fossa. The basion is the most anterior point of the foramen magnum. The orbitale is the most inferior point of the infraorbital rim.

Which factor requires careful consideration, when taking measurements from an image?

# Which factor requires careful consideration, when taking measurements from an image?

A. Definition

B. Magnification

C. Reconstruction

D. Superimposition

The correct answer is B. Magnification.

The magnification factor of any image must be carefully considered when taking measurements. Image definition is significant to the overall diagnosis; however, the magnification factor is of special concern when calculating bone dimensions. Image reconstruction is largely a function of multiplanar reformatting (MPR). Superimposition is a factor for some images (panoramic radiographs and conventional tomograms); however, the magnification factor must be carefully considered when calculating bone dimensions.

The common organism implicated in dry socket is:

# The common organism implicated in dry socket is:

A. Streptococcus

B. Staphylococcus

C. Treponema denticola

D. Pneumococcus

The correct answer is C. Treponema denticola.

A number of bacteria are known to possess fibrinolytic activity. It has been recently postulated

that Treponema denticola may have an etiological role in the genesis of dry socket.

Irregular opaque areas are found on radiographs of lower anterior teeth, the teeth are vital. The cause may be:

# Irregular opaque areas are found on radiographs of lower anterior teeth, the teeth are vital. The cause may be:

A. Subgingival calculus

B. Cementoma

C. Condensing osteitis

D Chronic apical periodontitis

The correct answer is A. Subgingival calculus.

Calculus may be seen as small angular radiopaque deposits projecting between interproximal surfaces of the teeth or as radiopaque bands across the roots representing circumferential accumulation as illustrated in the figure.

Ref: White, S.C. and Pharoah, M.J., 2014. Oral radiology-E-Book: Principles and interpretation. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Head diameter of a 245 bur is:

# Head diameter of a 245 bur is:

A. 0.1 mm

B. 0.5 mm

C. 0.8 mm

D. 0.9 mm

The correct answer is C. 0.8 mm.

No. 245 bur has a head length of 3 mm and head diameter of 0.8 mm. This is an inverted cone carbide bur used for amalgam cavity preparations.

Benefits of the bur:

• For amalgam cavity preparations, the initial punch cut should have a depth of 1.5 mm, so it is half of this bur length, so it is very convenient to use the bur.

• In class II the proximal ditch cut is established easily with the 0.8 mm diameter bur end cuts 0.5 mm into dentin and 0.3 mm into enamel.

During countercurrent mechanisms, which of the following area of nephron does filtrate become hypertonic to plasma?

# During countercurrent mechanisms, which of the following area of nephron does filtrate become hypertonic to plasma?

A. Bowman’s capsule

B. Proximal convoluted tubule

C. Loop of Henle

D. Distal convoluted tubule

The correct answer is C. Loop of Henle.

A circuit of fluid in the loop of Henle—an important part of the kidneys—allows for gradual buildup of the concentration of urine in the kidneys, by using active transport on the exiting nephrons (tubules carrying liquid in the process of gradually concentrating the urea). The active transport pumps need only to overcome a constant and low gradient of concentration, because of the countercurrent multiplier mechanism.

Piggyback technique in Orthodontics

Sectional NiTi wires can also be used to align a malpositioned tooth in a piggyback manner where rest of the arch is ligated with a stiff wire. With this arrangement, a light continuous force is exerted to bring the displaced tooth into the alignment while reciprocal force is distributed over the anchor teeth.

Case done by: Dr. Sushant Pandey, CODS BPKIHS

Piggyback wires offer the potential to combine wires of similar or, more commonly, markedly different physical properties. In relation to space redistribution and alignment, piggybacks typically involve use of flexible round NiTi wires in combination with more rigid base arch wires permitting alignment of displaced teeth limiting the effect of reactive forces in terms of horizontal and vertical anchorage.

Reference:

1. Kharbanda, Om. (2013). Orthodontics: Diagnosis and Management of Malocclusion and Dentofacial Deformities 2nd ed..

2. Fleming, P., Seehra, J., 2019. Fixed Orthodontic Appliances. BDJ Clinician’s Guides.. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12165-5

Creating the Perfect Smile: The Art and Science of Dental Clinic Interior Design

The atmosphere within a dental clinic plays a pivotal role in shaping patients' perceptions and experiences. Dental professionals recognize the importance of creating a welcoming and comfortable environment that goes beyond the clinical aspect of oral care. The interior design of a dental clinic is an art and science that seamlessly combines aesthetics, functionality, and the unique needs of the dental practice. Let's delve into the key considerations that make dental clinic interior designing an essential aspect of the overall patient experience.

1. Balancing Functionality and Aesthetics:

Dental clinics require a careful balance between functionality and aesthetics. The layout should be designed to optimize workflow for dental practitioners while providing a warm and inviting atmosphere for patients. Well-designed reception areas, consultation rooms, and treatment spaces contribute to a positive overall experience.

2. Patient Comfort and Relaxation:

Dental anxiety is a common concern among patients. Interior designers focus on creating spaces that alleviate stress and promote relaxation. Comfortable seating, soothing color schemes, and ambient lighting all contribute to an environment that helps patients feel at ease.

3. Ergonomics for Dental Professionals:

The efficiency of dental practitioners is directly influenced by the ergonomics of the workspace. Interior designers collaborate with dental professionals to ensure that treatment rooms are designed to support optimal working conditions. This includes considerations for equipment placement, lighting, and accessibility.

4. Technology Integration:

Modern dental practices rely on advanced technologies for diagnosis and treatment. The interior design should seamlessly integrate these technologies into the clinic's aesthetic. Concealed wiring, strategically placed outlets, and designated spaces for digital displays contribute to a streamlined and contemporary look.

5. Infection Control and Hygiene:

Maintaining a sterile and hygienic environment is paramount in dental clinics. Interior designers work closely with dental professionals to select materials that are easy to clean and resistant to bacteria. Design choices should facilitate efficient infection control practices without compromising on visual appeal.

6. Branding and Identity:

The interior design of a dental clinic serves as a visual representation of the clinic's brand and identity. Consistent color schemes, logo placement, and branded elements create a cohesive and recognizable image that reinforces the clinic's professionalism.

7. Accessibility and Inclusivity:

Dental clinic interiors should be designed with accessibility and inclusivity in mind. This involves considerations for individuals with mobility challenges and the implementation of universal design principles to ensure that everyone, regardless of physical abilities, can access and navigate the space comfortably.

In conclusion, dental clinic interior designing is a multidimensional endeavor that goes beyond choosing colors and furniture. It involves a thoughtful integration of functionality, patient experience, and the unique needs of the dental practice. A well-designed dental clinic not only fosters a positive environment for patients but also enhances the efficiency and effectiveness of dental professionals. As the field of dentistry evolves, so too does the art and science of dental clinic interior design, creating spaces that truly reflect the commitment to oral health and patient well-being.

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Dental MCQs Practice for the Day 2023 Dec 30