What was Norman Kingsley's contribution to orthodontics during the latter half of the 19th century?

 # What was Norman Kingsley's contribution to orthodontics during the latter half of the 19th century?

A) He developed the first orthodontic appliances in Greek materials.

B) He was among the first to use extraoral force to correct protruding teeth.

C) He introduced the concept of occlusion in the natural dentition.

D) He focused on the removal of teeth for various dental problems.

The correct answer is B. He was among the first to use extraoral force to correct protruding teeth.

After 1850 the first texts that systematically described orthodontics appeared, the most notable being Norman Kingsley’s Oral Deformities. Kingsley, who had a tremendous influence on American dentistry in the latter half of the 19th century, was among the first to use extraoral force to correct protruding teeth. He was also a pioneer in the treatment of cleft palate and related problems.

Ref: Proffit, W. R., Fields, H., Msd, D. M., Larson, B., & Sarver, D. M. (2019). Contemporary Orthodontics, 6e: South Asia Edition-E-Book. Elsevier India.