PMA index is used to record the status of:

 # PMA index is used to record the status of:

A. Gingival diseases

B. Carious teeth

C. Root caries

D. Periodontal disease

The correct answer is A. Gingival diseases.

The first dental index, developed by Schour and Massler, was known as a Papilla, Marginal gingiva and Attached gingiva (PMA) Index. Each of those areas was examined and scored from 0 to 5, depending on the severity of inflammation. The PMA Index, largely of historic interest now, was primarily used in surveys of acute gingivitis. The status of a patient’s periodontal health or disease is commonly measured by an index in private practices.

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Prosthesis in which a pontic is attached to a single side retainer via connector is called

 # Prosthesis in which a pontic is attached to a single side retainer via connector is called as:

A. Removable fixed partial denture

B. Removable partial denture

C. Fixed partial denture

D. Cantilever fixed partial denture

The correct answer is D. Cantilever fixed partial denture.

A cantilever fixed partial denture is one that has an abutment or abutments at one end only, with the other end of the pontic remaining unattached. This is a potentially destructive design with the lever arm created by the pontic, and it is frequently misused.

Prospective abutment teeth for cantilever fixed partial dentures should be evaluated with an eye toward lengthy roots with a favorable configuration, long clinical crowns, good crown-root ratios, and healthy periodontium. Generally, cantilever fixed partial dentures should replace only one tooth and have at least two abutments.

A cantilever can be used for replacing a maxillary lateral incisor. There should be no occlusal contact on

the pontic in either centric or lateral excursions. The canine must be used as an abutment, and it can serve in the role of solo abutment only if it has a long root and good bone support.

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Prosthodontics MCQs - Which of the following is not used with the surveyor?

 # Which of the following is not used with the surveyor?

A. Incisal guide pin

B. Analyzing rod

C. Carbon marker

D. Wax trimmer

The correct answer is: A. Incisal guide pin.

Incisal guide pin is used with an articulator not a surveyor.

Surveying tools- These are tools attached the the madrel of the surveying arm and are used for surveying. They are of different types, e.g. analyzing rod, carbon marker, wax knife and undercut gauges. 

Analyzing rod- First tool to be used in surveying. It is more of a diagnostic survey tool. It helps to analyze the location of the height of contours, the presence and absence of favorable and unfavorable undercuts and is used to determine the parallelism of one surface to another. It also helps to arbitrarily determine the path of insertion. 

Carbon marker- The resultant line formed by the scribe (carbon marker) is known as a survey line. These survey lines help us in positioning the various component parts of a removable partial denture (RPD). 

Undercut gauges- A gauge is a high precision instrument used to measure the linear dimension of any structure. Undercut gauges are used to measure the depth and location of the undercuts on the analysed tooth in three dimensions. 

Wax Knife- Is used to eliminate or block out undesirable undercut areas with wax on the cast. 

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T:B lymphocyte ratio in GCF is:

# T:B lymphocyte ratio in GCF is:

A. 1:3

B. 2:1

C. 3:1

D. 1:1

The correct answer is A. 1:3

The ratio of T lymphocytes to B lymphocytes was found to be reversed from the normal ratio of about 3:1 found in peripheral blood to about 1:3 in GCF. 

Ref: Carranza's Clinical Periodontology, 12th Edition, Page no 216.

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Posterior vibrating line is at the junction of:

#  Posterior vibrating line is at the junction of:

A. Levator palatini and tensor palatini

B. Levator palatini and muscular portion of the soft palate

C. Aponeurosis of levator palatini and muscular portion of the soft palate

D. Aponeurosis of tensor palatini and muscular portion of soft palate

The correct answer is D. Aponeurosis of tensor palatini and muscular portion of soft palate.

Posterior vibrating line It is an imaginary line located at the junction of the soft palate that shows limited movement and the soft palate that shows marked movement. It also represents the junction between the aponeurosis of the tensor veli palatini muscle and the muscular portion of the soft palate. It is recorded by asking the patient to say “ah’ in short but normal nonvigorous fashion. This line is usually straight.

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Guiding planes in cast partial denture:

 # Guiding planes in cast partial denture:

A. Should be perpendicular to the path of insertions

B. They must always face each other

C. Should be prepared always on the proximal surface of the abutment teeth

D. Should be parallel to the path of insertion

The correct answer is D. Should be parallel to the path of insertion.

Guiding planes or guide planes are defined as “Two or more vertically parallel surfaces of abutment teeth so oriented as to direct the path of placement and removal of removable partial dentures” -GPT. They are prepared on the proximal and axial surfaces of primary and secondary abutment teeth.

Structure

Guide planes are usually 2-3 mm in occlusogingival height parallel to the path of insertion. The guide planes should be flat and contain no undercuts. Guide planes do not occur naturally on the abutment teeth, instead they should be prepared by the clinician during prosthetic mouth preparation. They are prepared by selective grinding of teeth (enameloplasty) or by appropriate shaping of wax patterns, crowns or cast restorations on the abutment teeth.

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KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY, BDS Final Year, Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics 25th Aug 2021 Past Questions

 KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY

University Examination

August/ September 2021

Level: BDS                                                                         Subject: Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics

Exam: Final BDS (New course)

Time: 2 hrs. 30 minutes                                                                                              Full Marks: 50 marks

Date August 25, 2021

INSTRUCTION TO THE CANDIDATE

• Answer each section in a separate answer book
• Write brief, relevant and legible answers
• Illustrate your answer with well labelled diagrams wherever required.
• All questions are compulsory.

Section ' B' 

[25 marks]

1. Define dentin hypersensitivity. Explain in detail the causes and treatments of dentin hypersensitivity.[1+2+2=5]

2. A 27-years-old female patient reported to the Department of Conservative Dentistry with chief complaint of sensitivity of upper left back tooth. The teeth were free from caries. There was a sharp notch on the cervical region of 24. Further clinical examination revealed abnormal occlusal inter relation between the maxillary and mandibular teeth [1 + 2 + 3 = 6]

- What is the Diagnosis?

- Write the mechanisms of formation of such lesions.

- Write about considerations for restorative management of non-carious lesions.

3 What are the various methods of isolation? Write down the perceived advantages and disadvantages of Rubber dam in isolation. [2 + 3 = 5]

4 Write short notes on: [3*3=9]

a Role of Remaining Dentin thickness in restorative procedures

b. Tertiary dentin

c. Retraction cords

Section " C"

[25 marks]

5. A patient came with serve pain and mobility of his lower first molar since few days. The patient had a history of pain a few years back for which root canal treatment was initiated but discontinued after the first visit. IOPA radiograph shows coronal radiolucency continuous with pulp chamber and periapical radiolucency too. 

A. Classify periapical diseases. [3]

B. What is your periapical diagnosis for above condition? [1]

C. Write the treatment plan.[2]

6. Define and classify tooth luxation. Write in detail about extrusive luxation injuries. [1 + 1 + 3 = 5]

7. Classify obturation techniques. Write in detail about cold lateral compaction technique. Write its limitations.  [1 + 4 + 1 = 5]

8. Write short note on: [3x3 = 9] 

a. Internal Resorption.

b. Goals of access cavity preparation.

c. Root canal working width

THE END