Which of the following is the preferred local anesthetic technique for hemophilics? (MAN -01)

# Which of the following is the preferred local anesthetic technique for hemophilics? (MAN -01)
a) Nerve block
b) Supraperiosteal
c) Intraligamentary
d) Field block

The correct answer is C. Intraligamentary.

 In hemophilics to avoid complications,  Intraligamentary  (an intraosseous technique) method of local infiltration technique is preferred. In this technique, the solution is deposited in depth of gingival sulcus. The needle should be inserted apically into the bone until resistance is met.

# Which of the following may least be used as an abutment: (PGI -2K)

# Which of the following may least be used as an abutment: (PGI -2K)
a) Tooth with minimum crown
b) Tooth with short tapered crown and conical roots
c) Rotated and tipped tooth
d) Pulp treated tooth

The correct answer is: B. b) Tooth with short tapered crown and conical roots

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# Epitheloid cells are seen in all of the following except (MAN -02):

# Epitheloid cells are seen in all of the following except (MAN -02):
a) Tuberculosis
b) Granulation tissue
c) Syphilis
d) Sarcoidosis

The correct answer is : B. Granulation Tissue

Epitheloid cells are a collection of modified macrophages present in granuloma. Granulomas occur in Tuberculosis, Leprosy, syphilis, Actinomycosis, Sarcoidosis, etc.

# The wetting of an adherent surface by an adhesive is related to: (AIPG-01)

# The wetting of an adherent surface by an adhesive is related to:
(AIPG-01)
A. Surface texture of the adherent
B. Surface energy of the adherent
C. Nature of the adherent that is crystalline or amorphous
D. Surface tension of the adherent

The correct answer is B. Surface energy of the adherent.

The property of wetting and adhesions are directly related to surface energy of adhesives. Substances with low surface energy like teflon are often used to prevent the adhesion of films to a surface. Metals because of their high surface energy, interact vigorouslywith liquid adhesives.

The surface energy of many restorative materials is higher when compared to that of tooth. So, there is greater tendency for the surface and margins of restorations to accumulate debris. This property will explain the relatively high incidence of marginal caries seen around dental restorations.