Boundaries of Pharynx

# Pharynx extends up to which cervical vertebra? [Nepal Medical Council, Dec 2019]
A. C3
B. C4
C. C5
D. C6

The correct answer is D. C6

Pharynx
The word throat is used for the parts of the neck anterior to the vertebral column, especially the pharynx and the larynx. The pharynx is the part of the digestive system situated posterior to the nasal and oral cavities and posterior to the larynx. It is therefore divisible into nasal, oral, and laryngeal parts: the (1) nasopharynx, (2) oropharynx, and (3) laryngopharynx. The pharynx extends from the base of the skull down to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage (around the C6 vertebral level), where it becomes continuous with the esophagus. Its superior aspect is related to the sphenoid and occipital bones and the posterior aspect to the prevertebral fascia and muscles as well as the upper six cervical vertebrae. The pharynx is a fibromuscular tube lined by mucous membrane.

Extension of Pharynx

# Pharynx extends up to which cervical vertebra? [Nepal Medical Council, Dec 2019]
A. C3
B. C4
C. C5
D. C6

CLICK HERE FOR CORRECT ANSWER WITH EXPLANATION

Orthodontics - COMS, Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur IV year BDS Send Up Exam 2019

COLLEGE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES. TEACHING HOSPITAL BHARATPUR

          Dec-Jan 2019-2020

Level: IV BDS                                                                                                                            Exam: Send up
Subject: Orthodontics                                                                                                             Time: 2 hr. 30 mins.
Date: 6/11/2019                                                                                                                          Full marks: 50

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATE

• Write brief, relevant and legible answers
• Illustrate your answer with well labeled diagrams wherever required. 
• All questions are compulsory. 

SECTION 'B' [25Marks]
1. Enumerate therapeutic methods of gaining space. Discuss in detail about the expansion in
orthodontics. [2+4=6]

2. Explain in detail about the biology associated with orthodontic tooth movement. Add short notes
of iatrogenic effects of inappropriate forces.  [2+3=5]

3. Classification of habits. Describe the etiology, clinical features, and management of tongue
thrusting habits.   [2+3=5]

4. Write short notes on: [3*3=9]
a. Down's skeletal parameters
b. Kesling tooth positioner
c. Methods of studying growth

SECTION "C" [25 Marks]

5. 20-year male reported to the department with chief complaint of forwardly placed upper front teeth. Intra oral examination shows bilateral class II molar relation with overjet of 6mm. Cephalometric examination shows SNA angle 84 degrees and SNB 80 degrees.
[2+2+2 =6]
a. What is your diagnosis What are the investigations you advice?
b. How would you treat this case?
c. If the patient is growing than how do you manage this condition.

6. Enumerate the etiology of cleft lip and palate. Orthodontic management of cleft lip and palate [2+3=5]

7. What is myofunctional therapy Describe the mode of action of twin block appliance and how does it differ from a functional regulator. [2+3=5]

8. Write short notes on: [3*3=9]
a. School of retention
b. Management of open bite
c. Corticotomy

Periodontics - COMS, Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur IV year BDS Send Up Exam 2019

COLLEGE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES. TEACHING HOSPITAL BHARATPUR

          Dec-Jan 2019-2020

Level: IV BDS                                                                                                                            Exam: Send up
Subject: Periodontics                                                                                                             Time: 2 hr. 30 mins.
Date: 6/11/2019                                                                                                                          Full marks: 50

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATE

• Write brief, relevant and legible answers
• Illustrate your answer with well labeled diagrams wherever required. 
• All questions are compulsory. 

SECTION 'B' [25Marks]
1. Define gingiva. Describe different parts of the gingiva. Mention the name of various gingival fibers and blood supply of gingiva.    [1+3+2=6]

2. Write down the composition of calculus. Mention the important differences between supragingival and subgingival calculus. Highlight on the modes of attachment of calculus and its role in periodontal disease. [1+2+2=5]

3. A patient came with the chief complaint of progressive mobility of upper right lateral incisor since last six months. On clinical examination, there was grade II mobility of the tooth with three-degree positive fremitus test. [1+3+1=5]
a. What is your diagnosis & classify the condition?
b. What are the tissue responses seen in this case?
c.Write about possible radiographic changes in this case?

4. Write short notes on: [3*3=9]
a Local drug delivery
b. Halitosis
c. Resective osseous surgery

SECTION "C" [25 Marks]

5. A 28-year-old patient came with the chief complain of a progressive downward shift of gum exposing mandibular right central incisors. What is your differential diagnosis, investigations and
treatment plan for the case? [1+2+3=6]

6. Define Aggressive Periodontitis. Write down the causes of area-specific distribution of Localized Aggressive Periodontitis (LAP). Highlight on the clinical features of LAP. [1+2+2=5]

7. Define Furcation Involvement (FI). What are the predisposing factors for Furcation involvement?
Write about different therapeutic modalities in the management of FI.  [1+1+3=5]

8. Write short notes on:  [3*3=9]

a. Host modulation therapy (HMT)
b. Chemical plaque control
c. Modified Widmann flap