Dental treatment - Endodontic perforation

# Which of the following locations would a perforation demonstrate the BEST prognosis?
A. Floor of pulp chamber
B. Coronal 1/3 of root
C. Middle 1/3 of root
D. Apical 1/3 of root

The correct answer is D. Apical third of root.


Apical perforations occur through the apical foramen or the body of the root to form  a new canal.

The more apical the perforation, the more favorable the prognosis for the tooth. (except for the coronal perforations)

Least reliable sign of pulpal disease in primary teeth:

Q. Which of the following is the least reliable sign of pulpal disease in primary teeth?
 A. Electronic pulp test
B. Spontaneous pain
C. Internal resorption
D. Furcal radiolucency
E. Swelling

The correct Answer is A. Electronic pulp test

Electronic pulp testing is very unreliable in primary teeth because the A fibers that are more easily stimulated by electricity appear late in pulpal maturity.

The accuracy of the pulp testing may also be affected by the patient's ability to describe their response to the stimuli, to which, pediatric patients are typically not as able to describe their experiences in a clinically relevant way.

Local anesthetic technique for Hemophilics:

# Which of the following is the preferred local anesthetic technique for hemophilics?
A. Nerve block
B. Supraperiosteal
C. Intraligamentary
D. Field block

The correct answer is C. Intraligamentary
In hemophilics, to avoid complications, Intraligamentary (an intraosseous technique) method of local infiltration technique is preferred. In this technique, the solution is deposited in depth of gingival sulcus. The needle should be inserted apically into the bone until resistance is met.

Local anesthetic with longest duration of action:

# In peripheral nerve block, which of the following local anesthetics has the longest duration of action?
A. Bupivacaine
B. Cocaine
C. Lignocaine
D. Prilocaine

The correct answer is A. BUPIVACAINE

Etidocaine (200 mins) followed by Bupivacaine (180 mins) are long acting anesthetics and this is due to their increased protein binding property.