Gonial angle at birth

# The gonial angle at birth is?
a) 110°
b) 115°
c) 175°
d) 145°

The correct answer is D. 145 degrees.

 The mandibular or gonial angle during perinatal period ranges from 135° to 150°; however, soon after birth, it decreases to 130° to 140°. In adult mandible, the gonial angle measures between 110° to 120°. Studies have also indicated that the angle value of females is 3-5° greater than that of males.

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Development of Maxilla

# Maxilla develops by:
a) Endochondral bone formation
b) Intra membranous bone formation
c) Cartilage replacement and intra membranous bone formation
d) Mostly cartilage replacement and a little by intra membranous

The correct answer is B. Intra membranous bone formation.

In endochondral type, the bone formation is preceded by formation of cartilaginous model, which is replaced by bone. Eg: Ethmoid bone, Hyoid, Incus, Stapes.

In intramembranous type, the formation of bone is not preceded by formation ot cartilaginous model. Instead bone is laid directly in a fibrous membrane. Eg: Maxilla, nasal bones, parietals, zygoma, vomer, lacrimal, zygomatic.

 Both intramembranous and endochondral ossification is seen in -occipital, temporal, sphenoid bones.

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Father of Modern Orthodontics

# Father of modern orthodontics is:
a) Dewey
b) Angle
c) Andrew
d) Clark 

The correct answer is B. Angle. 

Many inventors have significantly contributed to the fascinating science of orthodontics. The person given the most credit for pioneering modern orthodontics is Dr Edward H Angle, who is rightly honored as the “Father of Modern Orthodontics.” Publication of Angle’s classification system of malocclusion in 1899 marked a turning point in the history of orthodontics, paving way to establishment of the oldest specialty of dentistry.

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Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia

# Which among the following shows pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia?
a) Squamous cell carcinoma
b) Basal cell carcinoma
c) Verrucous carcinoma
d) Granular cell myoblastoma

The correct answer is D. Granular cell myoblastoma.

Granular cell myoblastoma is a benign tumor of muscle tissue origin, most commonly involving tongue. The epithelium exhibits pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia because of which it is confused with epidermoid carcinoma.

NOTE:
Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia is also seen in:
• Granular cell myoblastoma
• Blastomycosis
• Papillary hyperplasia
• DLE (Discoid lupus erythematosus)


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