Dentosphere : World of Dentistry

# Which of the following is associated with a flabby maxillary anterior ridge under a complete denture? A. Retained mandibular anterior teeth B. A "V" shaped ridge C. A "U" shaped ridge D. A patient with Class Il occlusion E. Osteoporosis  The correct answer is A. Retained mandibular anterior teeth. Combination syndrome is a condition that usually occurs when retained mandibular anterior teeth opposes a maxillary complete denture. In combination syndrome, the anterior aspect of upper maxillary ridge becomes highly resorbed and flabby due to the biting force against its natural tooth antagonist. Since the occlusal force of a natural tooth is stronger than the force of a denture supported by an alveolar ridge, the area under pressure will exhibit higher resorption pattern than the rest of the denture.

# Pterygomandibular raphe is a tendon between which of the following muscles? A. Masseter and medial pterygoid B. Anterior belly of the digastric and Buccinator C. Buccinator and Superior constrictor D. Buccinator and Masseter The correct answer is C. Buccinator and Superior constrictor. Pterygomandibular raphe acts as a tendon between the buccinator and superior Constrictor muscle. It is a landmark used often for the identification of the pterygomandibular space for the administration of an inferior alveolar nerve block. The injecting needle pierces the buccinator muscle to inject the local anesthetic solution in the pterygomandibular space.  

 # The minimum number of lobes from which any tooth may develop is: A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five The correct answer is: C. Four. Tooth development begins with increased cell activity in growth centers in the tooth germ. A growth center (lobe) is an area of the tooth germ where the cells are particularly active. These lobes are primary centers of calcification and are primary sections of formation in the development of the crown of a tooth. They are represented by a cusp on posterior teeth and mamelons and cingula on anterior teeth. They are always separated by developmental grooves, which are very prominent in the posterior teeth and form specific patterns. With anterior teeth, their presence is much less noticeable and these lobes are separated by what are known as developmental depressions. Summary of number of lobes: •All anterior teeth: three labial and one lingual (cingulum) • Premolars: three buccal and one lingual. Exception: The mandibular second premolar has three bucca...

# The lethal dose of fluoride for a typical three-year-old child is approximately : A. 100 mg B. 200 mg C. 350 mg D. 500 mg   The correct answer is D. 500 mg. The studies and surveys link fluorosis to three factors: • Fluorosis is more common in geographic areas where the endemic levels of fluoride in the drinking water is higher than three parts per million • Fluorosis is associated with fluoride supplementation at inappropriately high levels • The use of fluoridated toothpaste has been implicated in fluorosis In acute fluoride toxicity, the goal is to minimize the amount of fluoride absorbed. Therefore, syrup of ipecac is administered to induce vomiting. Calcium-binding products, such as milk or milk of magnesia, decrease the acidity of the stomach, forming insoluble complexes with the fluoride and thereby decrease its absorption. Note: Emergency Medical Service should be activated. In acute fluoride toxicity, symptoms may appear within 30 minutes of ingestion and persist for up ...