Dentosphere : World of Dentistry

Technique Features 1. Infiltration Also called as submucosal analgesia. Terminal branches or free nerve endings are anesthetized. Only that area into which the local anesthetic solution is infiltrated is anesthetized. 2. Field Block Large Terminal Branches are anesthetized. a) Paraperiosteal Most commonly used technique. The solution is deposited alongside the periosteum. It is indicated widely in the porous maxilla than in the dense mandible. b) Interosseous Means injecting directly into the bone. Painful and dangerous procedure. It is not commonly used. c) Interseptal It is most effective in children and young adults. LA is injected into the thin porous interseptal bone. d) Intraligamentary Most effective for anesthetizing single tooth by injecting LA into the periodontal ligament under high pressure.  e) Intrapulpal LA is injected into the pulp chamber. The needle should be wedged firmly. 

This table lists some unique properties of local anesthetic agents. Properties Local Anesthetic Natural local anesthetic agent Cocaine Local anesthetic agent with intrinsic vasoconstriction property Cocaine LA which is most dilating of all Procaine

1. Developmental Disturbances Syndrome Important Features Parry Romberg's Syndrome Facial Hemiatrophy Vander Woude's Syndrome Pits of lower lip and cleft of palate Ascher's Syndrome Acquired double lip + Blepharochalasis + Non toxic thyroid enlargement Oro Facial Digital Syndrome Cleft tongue nd clefting of mandibular alveolar process Median Cleft Face Syndrome Hypertelorism + Median cleft of premaxilla, palate + Cranium bifidum occultum Meischer's Syndrome Cheilitis granulomatosa

The Setting time of some of the dental materials is listed in the table below. Material Setting time Fast setting alginates 1-2 minutes Normal setting alginates 2.5 - 4 minutes Alginate (Optimal) 3-4 minutes Impression plaster 4 minutes

# All of the following statements about inhaled tooth fragment are true except: A. It usually enters in the right bronchus B. It may cause lung abscess C. It may cause bronchiectasis D. It will be coughed out spontaneously, no treatment is necessary # Rotatory movement is used for the extraction of the : A. Mandibular canine B. Maxillary central incisor C. Maxillary lateral incisor D. All of the above

Important Signs and their significance Sign Significance Nikolsky's sign ➤ Seen in Pemphigus, familial benign chronic pemphigus and recessive form of epidermolysis bullosa ➤ Loss of epithelium due to rubbing resulting in raw, sensitive surface Auspitz's sign ➤ Seen in Psoriasis ➤ If the deep scales are removed, one or more tiny bleeding points are disclosed

Treatment of ANUG First Visit ➥Removal of pseudomembrane and non attached debris after the application of a topical anesthetic ➥Patient is advised to rinse with 3% H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) in equal dilution with warm water every two hours ➥Patients with systemic symptoms and local lymphadenopathy are placed on Amoxicillin 250 or 500 mg QID and Metronidazole 250 or 500 mg TID