BPKIHS Past Question : Endocrinology and Reproductive System - 2nd year MBBS

B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan

2^nd Year MBBS

Unit - 4

Internal Assessment, January 2000

Paper - IIA

(Endocrines & Reproduction)

Time: 2 hour                                                                                                                                Maximum Marks: 125

Short Answer Questions

Please answer each section in a separate answer book.

                                             Section 'A'

Anatomy

1.                Draw a neatly labeled histological diagram of a mature ovarian follicle (Grafian follicle).

Explain how theca externa is formed.                                                                                    3+1

2.            Define deep perineal pouch. Enlist six components of the deep perineal pouch.               2+3

3.            Explain in brief why incisions into the breast are usually made radially ?                             3

4.            Explain in brief the embryological basis of  thyroglossal cyst.                                              3

Acrylic Teeth Vs Porcelain Teeth

Property	Acrylic Teeth	Porcelain Teeth
Abrasion Resistance	Low	High
Adjustability	Easy	Difficult
Bonding	Chemical	Mechanical
Staining	Easily stained	Does not stain
Percolation	Absent when acrylic denture base is used	Present when acrylic denture base is used
Clicking Sound	Absent	Present
Ease of Fabrication	Easy	Difficult
Ease of rebasing	Difficult to remove acrylic teeth	Esay to remove porcelain teeth
Trauma to dental bearing area	Less	More

Anatomical Landmarks in Maxilla and Mandible for Complete Denture Fabrication

Anatomical Landmarks in Maxilla and Mandible for Complete Denture Fabrication

MAXILLA

Primary Stress bearing area	Residual alveolar ridge
Secondary stress bearing area	Rugae or anterior hard palate Maxillary Tuberosity
Tertiary stress bearing area and secondary retentive area	Posterolateral part of the hard palate
Relieving areas	Incisive papilla Mid palatine raphe Cuspid eminence Fovea palatinea
Primary retentive area	Posterior palatal seal area

MANDIBLE

Primary stress bearing area	Buccal shelf area
Secondary stress bearing area	Slopes of edentulous ridges
Primary retentive and primary peripheral seal area	Retromolar pad
Secondary peripheral seal area	Anterior lingual border
Relief areas	Crest of the residual ridge Mental foramen Mylohyoid ridge

Classification of Composites and their Properties

Type	Properties
Conventional Composite	Contain filler particle size of 8-12 micrometers It is the composite with largest filler size High strength and hardness Less water soprtion and Coefficient of thermal expansion Polishing is difficult and results in rough surface that tends to retain stains
Micro filled Composite	Contain smallest filler particles of size 0.04 - 0.4 micrometers Colloidal silica is used as a filler It has lowest filler content of 50% weight Lowest strength and hardness Highest thermal expansion coefficient and water sorption Excellent esthetics due to the increased smoothness
Small Particle	Contain filler particles of size 1 - 5 micrometers It has good surface smoothness like microfilled composites and improved physical properties like conventional composite It has the highest compressive strength of all composites
Hybrid Composite	It has filler particle size of 0.6 - 1 micrometer They have smooth finish and better esthetics than small particle but yet have similar physical properties.

Different Types of Pain : Anesthesia. Hyperaesthesia, Paraesthesia, Allodynia, etc.

TAXONOMY OF PAIN

Terminology	Description
Anesthesia dolorosa	It is a paradoxic pain in the region of sensory loss following an injury to a cranial nerve or a nerve root. It is seen most often after surgical treatment of the trigeminal ganglion or root for neuralgia.
Allodynia	Pain due to non painful stimulus that does not normally produce pain.
Hyperalgesia	Increased response to a stimulus that is usually painful
Hyperaesthesia	Increased sensitivity to stimulation and does not imply a painful sensation. Hyperalgesia is a special case of hyperaesthesia.
Hypoaesthesia	Decreased sensitivity to stimulation
Hypoalgesia	A special case of hypoaesthesia in which pain response to normally painful stimuli is diminished.
Paraesthesia	Abnormal (but not unpleasant) sensation
Dysesthesia	Unpleasant abnormal sensation
Hyperpathia	It is painful syndrome with increased reaction to a stimulus and an increased threshold; faulty identification and localization of stimulus; delayed and radiating sensations and after sensation may be present.
Causalgia	It is a syndrome of: Burning Pain, Allodynia, and Hyperpathia after a traumatic nerve lesion.
Phantom pain	Described as perceptions that an individual experiences relating to a limb or an organ that is not physically part of the body. For example, Limb loss as a result of either amputation following surgery or congenital absence of limb. Phantom limb pain is the feeling of pain in an absent limb or a portion of a limb.

Polishing Agents in Dentistry

Agent	Uses
Pumice	Smoothening dentures, polishing of artificial teeth
Zinc Oxide	Polishing of amalgam restorations
Rouge (Tin oxide)	Polishing of noble metal alloys
Zirconium Silicate	Prophylactic paste for polishing natural teeth
Chromic Oxide	Polishing Stainless steel
Corundum (White form of Al2O3)	Grinding of metal alloys

Most Common Sites of Some Important Pathologies : Oral Cancer, Cysts, Tumors etc.

Condition	Most Common Site
Enameloma	Bifurcation and trifurcation of maxillary posterior teeth
Composite compound odontoma Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor Squamous odontogenic tumor	Anterior maxilla
Composite Complex Odontoma	Posterior maxilla