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MCQs on Oral Histology - Cementum Part 3


# Root lengthening is contributed by :
A. Cellular cementum
B. Acellular cementum
C. Intermediate cementum
D. All of the above

# The lacunae which contains cementocytes shows canaliculi that is oriented towards :
A. The crown
B. The dentin side
C. The PDL space
D. The root apex

# Which of the following statements is true ?
A. Cementum is thinnest at CEJ (20-50 micrometer)
B. Cementum is thickest towards the apex (150-200 micrometer)
C. The apical foramen is surrounded by cementum
D. All of the above

# Which of the following is least mineralised ?
A. Cementoid
B. Incremental line
C. Cellular cementum
D. Acellular cementum

# The region at which cementum formation is most rapid is :
A. Middle
B. Coronal
C. Apical
D. Interradicular
# Which dental tissue doesn't contain nerves ? :
A. Bone
B. Dentin
C. Cementum
D. Pulp

# Inorganic content of cementum is :
A. 45 to 50%
B. 50 to 55%
C. 55 to 60%
D. 60 to 65%

# Cellular cementum is :
A. First formed cementum
B. Less calcified than acellular type
C. More calcified than acellular type
D. Less irregular

# Intermediate cementum is :
A. Highly defined cellular zone near cementodentinal junction (CDJ)
B. Highly defined fibrillar zone near CDJ
C. Poorly defined zone near cementodentinal junction
D. Both A and B

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MCQs on Oral HIstology Cementum - Part 2


# Bundle bone is part of :
A. Periodontal ligament
B. Alveolar bone
C. Cementum
D. Long bones

# The cementoenamel junction is approximately at the level at which the root canal becomes :
A. Twisted
B. Curved
C. Pulp chamber
D. Lateral canal

# Hardness of fully mineralised cementum is :
A. Less than dentin
B. More than dentin
C. Equal to dentin
D. More than enamel
# Which one of the following is true of cellular cementum ?
A. Forms during root formation
B. Forms after the eruption of the tooth
C. Seen at the coronal portion of the tooth
D. Formation is a slow process

# Type of cementum located in the furcation areas of multirooted teeth is :
A. Cellular extrinsic fiber cementum
B. Cellular intrinsic fiber cementum
C. Cellular mixed stratified cementum
D. Acellular intrinsic fiber cementum

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World No Tobacco Day 2017 : Poster Competition at BPKIHS : No Smoking, Smoking Kills

On the occasion of World No Tobacco Day, Poster competition was jointly organized by the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology and the Department of Public Health Dentistry, College of Dental Surgery, BPKIHS (B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences), Dharan Nepal. Many posters rife with creative concepts and awareness messages were displayed in the college premises throughout the day. Patients and hospital visitors were counseled to quit tobacco in both smoked and smokeless forms after educating them about the horde of health hazards caused by tobacco.













Tobacco: A Threat to Development : World No Tobacco Day , 31st May 2017 : Say NO to Tobacco

Tobacco: A Threat to Development
Tobacco, consumed worldwide in various smoked and smokeless forms, is now proved scientifically by various researches and investigations to be a definite carcinogen and an abetting factor for hundreds of health hazards.

With aggressive marketing strategies and alluring advertisements tobacco producers aim at producing more and more tobacco dependent teenagers who succumb to the habit throughout their lives. And we play a conducive role in fulfilling their goal by exposing the children to tobacco every day to such an extent that they will somehow believe that all grown-ups do smoke/consume tobacco and so should he when he becomes one. This social impact of smoking is more deleterious than we believe it to be. Raising children in such a tobacco-ridden environment without them actually picking up the habit is very challenging to parents and to-be-parents.

Tobacco consumption is socially accepted to be benign as it does not cause immediate harsh effects. And, we are too myopic to foresee the long-term hazards of smoking be it physical, social, economic and emotional. But, the dire consequences of tobacco consumption shouldn't be underestimated.


Millions of lives are lost, billions of working hours are lost, and trillions of dollars are lost for the treatment and care of the patients who suffered their ill fate due to tobacco consumption. Economic burden of tobacco consumption not only comprises of the money that is spent on buying the tobacco products, the money that the tobacco consumer would have earned if he had enjoyed a perfect health by living a tobacco-free life also comes under it. Global annual costs from tobacco use are 1.4 trillion USD in healthcare expenditure and lost productivity from illness and premature death. (WHO 2017)

It is not like that tobacco doesn't affect your health because you smoke only one or two cigarettes occasionally. It has cumulative effects. Tobacco smoking causes irreversible damage to your body systems and even your genes and DNA. Even your progenies will have to bear the brunt of the cigarettes you smoked today. There is no such thing as the minimum number of cigarettes one has to smoke/minimum packets of tobacco one has to chew before getting cancer. Nobody knows which last cigarette he smoked is responsible for his cancer. No matter what the quantity is, it harms. Whether you take the lethal dose of it all at once or in divided doses, poison is poison.

Let's make a resolution to refrain from all tobacco products rest of our lives and stay away from the hazards of it. Choose life, SAY NO TO TOBACCO, it kills.

MCQs on Gastrointestinal Tract and Liver Physiology Part 4


# Pancreatic juice rich in water and electrolytes but poor in enzymes is secreted in response to :
A. Pancreatozymine
B. Cholecystokinin
C. Secretin
D. Proteins

# Secretin is secreted by :
A. Duodenum
B. Pancreas
C. Liver
D. Stomach

# Urine urobilinogen is absent in :
A. Obstructive jaundice
B. Viral hepatitis
C. Hemolytic jaundice
D. All of the above

# Which of the following is a reflex mediated by vagus ?
A. Bile flow from liver
B. Pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate
C. Cephalic phase of gastric secretion
D. Mucous secretion from the Brunner's glands

# Fats absorbed with the help of bile salts are:
A. Free fatty acids
B. Glycerol
C. Higher fatty acids, diglycerides and monoglycerides
D. All of the above

# Which of the following secretions has a very high pH ?
A. Gastric juice
B. Pancreatic juice
C. Bile in gall bladder
D. Saliva
# Cephalic phase of gastric secretion can be demonstrated by the following experiment:
A. Heidenhan's pouch
B. Condition reflex
C. Pavlov's pouch
D. None of the above

# Trypsin is an activator of all of the following enzymes except:
A. Chymotrypsinogen
B. Pepsinogen
C. Proelastase
D. Procolipase

# Gastrointestinal hormone among the following is:
A. Pepsin
B. Ptyalin
C. Cholecystokinin
D. Trypsin

# The most important action of secretin is to :
A. Neutralise the acid from the stomach
B. Increase secretion of bicarbonates by pancreas
C. Decrease gastric secretion
D. cause contraction of pyloric sphincter

# Within which parts of a gastric gland are chief cells located ?
A. Fundus
B. Isthmus
C. Neck
D. Gastric pit

# All the following causes the secretion of gastric juice during cephalic phase except :
A. Food in the mouth
B. Sight of food
C. Food in the stomach
D. Thought of food

# Which is not produced enteroendocrinally ?
A. Intrinsic factor
B. Secretin
C. Motilin
D. GIP

# Stomach accommodates the meal by:
A. Deceptive relaxation
B. Receptive relaxation
C. Reactive relaxation
D. None of the above
# The intrinsic factor for vit B12 absorption is produced in the :
A. Liver
B. Stomach
C. Pancreas
D. Duodenum

# Bile salt repeats its cycle :
A. 4 times a day
B. 8 times a day
C. 2 times in between meals
D. 10 times a day in fasting

# Bile color is due to :
A. Creatinine
B. Bilirubin
C. Globulin
D. 5 Mercapto-purine

# Which of the following is not a salivary antibacterial Substance ?
A. Amylase
B. Lactoperoxidase
C. Lysozyme
D. Lactoferrin

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MCQs on Gastrointestinal Tract and Liver Physiology Part 3


# Parietal cells of gastric mucosa secrete :
A. HCl
B. Gastrin
C. Mucin
D. All of the above

# Most potent stimulus for secretin is :
A. Dilatation of intestine
B. Acid chyme
C. Protein
D. Fat

# The only sugar absorbed in the intestine against a concentration gradient is :
A. Xylose
B. Mannose
C. Glucose
D. Galactose

# Cephalic phase of Gastric secretion is mediated by :
A. Neurohormones
B. Vagus
C. Hormones
D. Gastrin

# Secretin does not cause :
A. Bicarbonate secretion
B. Augment the action of CCK
C. Contraction of pyloric sphincter
D. Gastric secretion increase
# The final sugars in intestinal chyme are :
A. Glucose and fructose
B. Ribose and mannose
C. Ribose and xylulose
D. Xylulose and fructose

# Gastric secretion is stimulated by all of the following except :
A. Secretin
B. Gastric distension
C. Gastrin
D. Vagal stimulus

# Peristalsis in the gut is due to :
A. Pre-peristaltic intestinal secretion
B. Mechanical distension
C. Simultaneous action of circular and longitudinal mnuscles
D. Extrinsic nervous influence

# Maximum absorption of bile occurs at :
A. Jejunum
B. Duodenum
C. Ileum
D. Colon

# Gall bladder contraction is controlled primarily by :
A. Pancreatozymine
B. Cholecystokinin- pancreozymin
C. Secretin
D. Glucagon
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MCQs on Gastrointestinal tract and Liver Physiology Part 2


# Pepsinogen is activated by :
A. Enterokinase
B. low pH
C. Trypsin
D. Chymotrypsin

# Best stimuli for secretin secretion is :
A. Protein
B. Acid
C. Fat
D. Bile

# Maximum secretory glands in stomach are :
A. Fundic glands
B. Pyloric glands
C. Gastric glands
D. Brunner's Glands

# All are actions of CCK except:
A. Relax lower esophageal sphincter
B. Increased pancreatic secretion
C. Increased gastric secretion
D. Causes gall bladder contraction

# Vagal stimulation following intake of food does not affect secretion of :
A. Stomach
B. Pancreas
C. Parotid
D. Gall bladder

# Gastrin is produced by :
A. Pancreas
B. Gastric antral cells
C. Pituitary
D. All
# Small intestinal peristalsis is controlled by :
A. Myenteric plexus
B. Meissner's plexus
C. Vagus nerve
D. Parasympathetic

# The duodenum secretes a hormone which has the following effects except :
A. Causes copious pancreatic juice rich in bicarbonate and poor in enzymes
B. Increases gastric motility
C. Causes gall bladder to contract and sphincter of oddi to relax
D. Leads to meager flow of pancreatic juice rich in enzymes

# Cholagogues are the substances which cause :
A. Contraction of the gall bladder
B. Increase concentration of the bile
C. Increase secretion of the bile
D. Favours acdification of the bile

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