MCQs on Vascular Supply of Head and Neck - Part 2

# The number of branches of the internal carotid artery in the neck is :
A. One
B. Two
C. Four
D. None

# Lymph from the teeth drains into all of the following nodes except :
A. Sub mandibular nodes
B. Deep cervical nodes
C. Retropharyngeal nodes
D. Sub mental nodes

# Facial artery does not supply the :
A. Tonsils
B. Submandibular gland
C. External auditory meatus
D. Lower part of the nasal septum

# The external jugular vein :
A. Lies deep to the Sternocleidomastoid muscle
B. It drains into internal jugular vein
C. It is formed by the union of the posterior auricular vein and posterior division of the retromandibular vein
D. It pierces pre-tracheal layer of cervical fascia before termination

# Danger area of face is called so because of connection of facial veins to cavernous sinus through :
A. Transverse facial vein
B. Superior ophthalmic vein
C. Maxillary vein
D. Ethmoidal vein

# Origin of maxillary artery :
A. Angle of mandible
B. Neck of condyle
C. Body of mandible
D. Coronoid process

# Facial artery arises at the level of :
A. Below hyoid bone
B. Above hyoid bone
C. Hyoid bone
D. Above styloid process

# The ascending palatine artery is a branch of :
A. Ascending pharyngeal artery
B. First part of the facial artery
C. Pterygopalatine part of the maxillary artery
D. Sphenopalatine artery # Which of the following is not a branch of the external carotid artery ?
A. Ophthalmic artery
B. Pharyngeal artery
C. Maxillary artery
D. Lingual artery

# Internal jugular vein is a continuation of :
A. Common facial vein
B. External jugular vein
C. Sigmoid sinus
D. Superior petrosal sinus

# The retromandibular vein is formed by :
A. Superficial temporal and maxillary veins
B. Superficial temporal and internal jugular vein
C. Superficial temporal and supratrochlear
D. Maxillary and posterior auricular

# The main arterial supply of the face is :
A. Superficial temporal
B. Maxillary
C. Facial
D. Internal carotid artery

# Transverse facial artery is a branch of :
A. Superficial temporal
B. Maxillary
C. Facial
D. Internal carotid artery

# Largest vein of face is :
A. Facial vein
B. Retromandibular vein
C. Posterior auricular
D. Supratrochlear

# Carotid sheath contains all except :
A.Vagus nerve
B. Internal carotid artery
C. Common caroid artery
D. External carotid artery
E. Internal jugular vein

# Vertebral artery is a branch of :
A. Subclavian artery
B. Internal carotid artery
C. External carotid artery
D. Superficial temporal artery

# Which of the following is a paired venous sinus of duramater ?
A. Cavernous sinus
B. Superior petrosal
C. Transverse sinus
D. All of the above
# Hypophysis cerebri is supplied by
A. Internal carotid
B. External carotid
C. Maxillary artery
D. Facial artery

# Which of the following is not correct ?
A. Right common carotid artery is a branch of brachiocephalic artery
B. Left common carotid artery is a branch of arch of aorta
C. The common carotid artery is divided into external and internal carotid arteries at level of upper border of thyroid cartilage
D. Carotid sinus acts as a chemoreceptor

# Occipital artery is a branch of :
A. Internal carotid artery
B. Posterior branch of external carotid
C. Medial branch of external carotid
D. Anterior branch of external carotid

# TMJ is supplied by :
A. Superficial temporal
B. Maxillary
C. Internal carotid
D. Both A and B

# True about subclavian artery :
A. Principal artery of the upper limb
B. Right subclavian artery is a branch of brachiocephalic artery
C. Left subclavian artery is a branch of arch of aorta
D. Internal thoracic, vertebral and thyrocervical trunk are branches of subclavian artery
E. All of the above

# Which of the following is correct ?
A. Subclavian vein is a continuation of axillary vein
B. Internal jugular vein is a direct continuation of sigmoid sinus
C. Brachiocephalic vein is formed behind the sternoclavicular joint by the union of internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein
D. All of the above

# Soft palate is supplied by :
A. Greater palatine artery
B. Ascending palatine artery
C. Ascending pharyngeal artery
D. All of the above

# The stage of deglutition, which is voluntary in nature is :
A. Stage - I
B. Stage - II
C. Stage - III
D. Satge I and Stage II

# Auditory tube is supplied by :
A. Ascending pharyngeal
B. Middle meningeal
C. Artery of pterygoid cannal
D. All of the above

# The maxillary vein accompanies :
A. First part of the maxillary artery
B. Second part of maxillary artery
C. Third part of maxillary artery
D. None of the above

# Superior vena cava is formed by :
A. Subclavian vein
B. Internal jugular vein
C. External jugular vein
D. Thoracic vein
E. Brachiocephalic vein
# What is not true for facial artery ?
A. Main source of blood supply to palatine tonsil
B. Supplies branches to upper and lower lips
C. Conveys post ganglionic sympathetic fibers to submandibular gland
D. Is a branch of internal carotid artery


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MCQs on Oral Histology - Cementum Part 3

# Root lengthening is contributed by :
A. Cellular cementum
B. Acellular cementum
C. Intermediate cementum
D. All of the above

# The lacunae which contains cementocytes shows canaliculi that is oriented towards :
A. The crown
B. The dentin side
C. The PDL space
D. The root apex

# Which of the following statements is true ?
A. Cementum is thinnest at CEJ (20-50 micrometer)
B. Cementum is thickest towards the apex (150-200 micrometer)
C. The apical foramen is surrounded by cementum
D. All of the above

# Which of the following is least mineralised ?
A. Cementoid
B. Incremental line
C. Cellular cementum
D. Acellular cementum

# The region at which cementum formation is most rapid is :
A. Middle
B. Coronal
C. Apical
D. Interradicular
# Which dental tissue doesn't contain nerves ? :
A. Bone
B. Dentin
C. Cementum
D. Pulp

# Inorganic content of cementum is :
A. 45 to 50%
B. 50 to 55%
C. 55 to 60%
D. 60 to 65%

# Cellular cementum is :
A. First formed cementum
B. Less calcified than acellular type
C. More calcified than acellular type
D. Less irregular

# Intermediate cementum is :
A. Highly defined cellular zone near cementodentinal junction (CDJ)
B. Highly defined fibrillar zone near CDJ
C. Poorly defined zone near cementodentinal junction
D. Both A and B

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MCQs on Oral HIstology Cementum - Part 2

# Bundle bone is part of :
A. Periodontal ligament
B. Alveolar bone
C. Cementum
D. Long bones

# The cementoenamel junction is approximately at the level at which the root canal becomes :
A. Twisted
B. Curved
C. Pulp chamber
D. Lateral canal

# Hardness of fully mineralised cementum is :
A. Less than dentin
B. More than dentin
C. Equal to dentin
D. More than enamel
# Which one of the following is true of cellular cementum ?
A. Forms during root formation
B. Forms after the eruption of the tooth
C. Seen at the coronal portion of the tooth
D. Formation is a slow process

# Type of cementum located in the furcation areas of multirooted teeth is :
A. Cellular extrinsic fiber cementum
B. Cellular intrinsic fiber cementum
C. Cellular mixed stratified cementum
D. Acellular intrinsic fiber cementum

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World No Tobacco Day 2017 : Poster Competition at BPKIHS : No Smoking, Smoking Kills

On the occasion of World No Tobacco Day, Poster competition was jointly organized by the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology and the Department of Public Health Dentistry, College of Dental Surgery, BPKIHS (B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences), Dharan Nepal. Many posters rife with creative concepts and awareness messages were displayed in the college premises throughout the day. Patients and hospital visitors were counseled to quit tobacco in both smoked and smokeless forms after educating them about the horde of health hazards caused by tobacco.

Tobacco: A Threat to Development : World No Tobacco Day , 31st May 2017 : Say NO to Tobacco

Tobacco: A Threat to Development

Tobacco, consumed worldwide in various smoked and smokeless forms, is now proved scientifically by various researches and investigations to be a definite carcinogen and an abetting factor for hundreds of health hazards.

With aggressive marketing strategies and alluring advertisements tobacco producers aim at producing more and more tobacco dependent teenagers who succumb to the habit throughout their lives. And we play a conducive role in fulfilling their goal by exposing the children to tobacco every day to such an extent that they will somehow believe that all grown-ups do smoke/consume tobacco and so should he when he becomes one. This social impact of smoking is more deleterious than we believe it to be. Raising children in such a tobacco-ridden environment without them actually picking up the habit is very challenging to parents and to-be-parents.

Tobacco consumption is socially accepted to be benign as it does not cause immediate harsh effects. And, we are too myopic to foresee the long-term hazards of smoking be it physical, social, economic and emotional. But, the dire consequences of tobacco consumption shouldn't be underestimated.


Millions of lives are lost, billions of working hours are lost, and trillions of dollars are lost for the treatment and care of the patients who suffered their ill fate due to tobacco consumption. Economic burden of tobacco consumption not only comprises of the money that is spent on buying the tobacco products, the money that the tobacco consumer would have earned if he had enjoyed a perfect health by living a tobacco-free life also comes under it. Global annual costs from tobacco use are 1.4 trillion USD in healthcare expenditure and lost productivity from illness and premature death. (WHO 2017)

It is not like that tobacco doesn't affect your health because you smoke only one or two cigarettes occasionally. It has cumulative effects. Tobacco smoking causes irreversible damage to your body systems and even your genes and DNA. Even your progenies will have to bear the brunt of the cigarettes you smoked today. There is no such thing as the minimum number of cigarettes one has to smoke/minimum packets of tobacco one has to chew before getting cancer. Nobody knows which last cigarette he smoked is responsible for his cancer. No matter what the quantity is, it harms. Whether you take the lethal dose of it all at once or in divided doses, poison is poison.

Let's make a resolution to refrain from all tobacco products rest of our lives and stay away from the hazards of it. Choose life, SAY NO TO TOBACCO, it kills.

MCQs on Gastrointestinal Tract and Liver Physiology Part 4

# Pancreatic juice rich in water and electrolytes but poor in enzymes is secreted in response to :
A. Pancreatozymine
B. Cholecystokinin
C. Secretin
D. Proteins

# Secretin is secreted by :
A. Duodenum
B. Pancreas
C. Liver
D. Stomach

# Urine urobilinogen is absent in :
A. Obstructive jaundice
B. Viral hepatitis
C. Hemolytic jaundice
D. All of the above

# Which of the following is a reflex mediated by vagus ?
A. Bile flow from liver
B. Pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate
C. Cephalic phase of gastric secretion
D. Mucous secretion from the Brunner's glands

# Fats absorbed with the help of bile salts are:
A. Free fatty acids
B. Glycerol
C. Higher fatty acids, diglycerides and monoglycerides
D. All of the above

# Which of the following secretions has a very high pH ?
A. Gastric juice
B. Pancreatic juice
C. Bile in gall bladder
D. Saliva
# Cephalic phase of gastric secretion can be demonstrated by the following experiment:
A. Heidenhan's pouch
B. Condition reflex
C. Pavlov's pouch
D. None of the above

# Trypsin is an activator of all of the following enzymes except:
A. Chymotrypsinogen
B. Pepsinogen
C. Proelastase
D. Procolipase

# Gastrointestinal hormone among the following is:
A. Pepsin
B. Ptyalin
C. Cholecystokinin
D. Trypsin

# The most important action of secretin is to :
A. Neutralise the acid from the stomach
B. Increase secretion of bicarbonates by pancreas
C. Decrease gastric secretion
D. cause contraction of pyloric sphincter

# Within which parts of a gastric gland are chief cells located ?
A. Fundus
B. Isthmus
C. Neck
D. Gastric pit

# All the following causes the secretion of gastric juice during cephalic phase except :
A. Food in the mouth
B. Sight of food
C. Food in the stomach
D. Thought of food

# Which is not produced enteroendocrinally ?
A. Intrinsic factor
B. Secretin
C. Motilin
D. GIP

# Stomach accommodates the meal by:
A. Deceptive relaxation
B. Receptive relaxation
C. Reactive relaxation
D. None of the above
# The intrinsic factor for vit B12 absorption is produced in the :
A. Liver
B. Stomach
C. Pancreas
D. Duodenum

# Bile salt repeats its cycle :
A. 4 times a day
B. 8 times a day
C. 2 times in between meals
D. 10 times a day in fasting

# Bile color is due to :
A. Creatinine
B. Bilirubin
C. Globulin
D. 5 Mercapto-purine

# Which of the following is not a salivary antibacterial Substance ?
A. Amylase
B. Lactoperoxidase
C. Lysozyme
D. Lactoferrin

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MCQs on Gastrointestinal Tract and Liver Physiology Part 3

# Parietal cells of gastric mucosa secrete :
A. HCl
B. Gastrin
C. Mucin
D. All of the above

# Most potent stimulus for secretin is :
A. Dilatation of intestine
B. Acid chyme
C. Protein
D. Fat

# The only sugar absorbed in the intestine against a concentration gradient is :
A. Xylose
B. Mannose
C. Glucose
D. Galactose

# Cephalic phase of Gastric secretion is mediated by :
A. Neurohormones
B. Vagus
C. Hormones
D. Gastrin

# Secretin does not cause :
A. Bicarbonate secretion
B. Augment the action of CCK
C. Contraction of pyloric sphincter
D. Gastric secretion increase
# The final sugars in intestinal chyme are :
A. Glucose and fructose
B. Ribose and mannose
C. Ribose and xylulose
D. Xylulose and fructose

# Gastric secretion is stimulated by all of the following except :
A. Secretin
B. Gastric distension
C. Gastrin
D. Vagal stimulus

# Peristalsis in the gut is due to :
A. Pre-peristaltic intestinal secretion
B. Mechanical distension
C. Simultaneous action of circular and longitudinal mnuscles
D. Extrinsic nervous influence

# Maximum absorption of bile occurs at :
A. Jejunum
B. Duodenum
C. Ileum
D. Colon

# Gall bladder contraction is controlled primarily by :
A. Pancreatozymine
B. Cholecystokinin- pancreozymin
C. Secretin
D. Glucagon
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