Lok Sewa Aayog - Dentistry - 8th Level - BDS - Exam Curriculum Download
This is the Curriculum Prescribed by Lok Sewa Aayog Nepal, for the Exam of Nepal Health Service, 8th Level Dentistry.
#Mnemonics - Steps in Planning and Evaluation - Public Health Dentistry
The steps involved in the Planning Process are:
1. Identifying the Problem
2. Determining Priorities
3. Development of Program goals, objectives, and activities
4. Resources Identification
5. Constraints Identification
6. Alternative Strategies
7. Developing Implementation Strategies
8. Implementation
9. Monitoring
10. Evaluation
These steps can be memorized with the help of an expression mnemonics - @ Identifying Determined Girl/Guy Requires Conscious Strategies Implementing IME ( Ingenuity, Morality and Emotions)
Identifying - 1. Identifying the Problem
Determined - 2. Determining Priorities
Girl /Guy - 3. Development of Program goals, objectives, and activities
Requires - 4. Resources Identification
Conscious - 5. Constraints Identification
Strategies - 6. Alternative Strategies
Implementing - 7. Developing Implementation Strategies
I - 8. Implementation
M - 9. Monitoring
E -10. Evaluation
1. Identifying the Problem
2. Determining Priorities
3. Development of Program goals, objectives, and activities
4. Resources Identification
5. Constraints Identification
6. Alternative Strategies
7. Developing Implementation Strategies
8. Implementation
9. Monitoring
10. Evaluation
These steps can be memorized with the help of an expression mnemonics - @ Identifying Determined Girl/Guy Requires Conscious Strategies Implementing IME ( Ingenuity, Morality and Emotions)
Identifying - 1. Identifying the Problem
Determined - 2. Determining Priorities
Girl /Guy - 3. Development of Program goals, objectives, and activities
Requires - 4. Resources Identification
Conscious - 5. Constraints Identification
Strategies - 6. Alternative Strategies
Implementing - 7. Developing Implementation Strategies
I - 8. Implementation
M - 9. Monitoring
E -10. Evaluation
#MCQ 12 - Which of the following tooth has the highest endodontic failure rate?
#MCQ 12 - Which of the following tooth has the highest endodontic failure rate?
A. Maxillary First Molar
B. Maxillary First Premolar
C. Mandibular First Molar
D. Mandibular Second Premolar
Answer: A. Maxillary First Molar
The pulp chamber of the maxillary first molar is the largest in the dental arch.
The maxillary first molars are three rooted, two buccal and one palatal. The tooth usually has four root canals, the additional canal being located in the mesiobuccal root. The pulp chamber floor has a quadrilateral shape, although it is sometimes described as triangular. All the canal orifices lie mesial to the oblique ridge which makes it possible to preserve it (oblique ridge) during access preparation.
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A. Maxillary First Molar
B. Maxillary First Premolar
C. Mandibular First Molar
D. Mandibular Second Premolar
Answer: A. Maxillary First Molar
The pulp chamber of the maxillary first molar is the largest in the dental arch.
The maxillary first molars are three rooted, two buccal and one palatal. The tooth usually has four root canals, the additional canal being located in the mesiobuccal root. The pulp chamber floor has a quadrilateral shape, although it is sometimes described as triangular. All the canal orifices lie mesial to the oblique ridge which makes it possible to preserve it (oblique ridge) during access preparation.
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#MCQ 11 - Regarding Electric Pulp Test for tooth vitality assessment, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT:
#MCQ 11 - Regarding Electric Pulp Test (EPT) for tooth vitality assessment, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT:
A. The objective is to stimulate a pulpal response by subjecting the tooth to an increasing degree of electric current
B. Any restorations in the tooth or the adjacent gingival tissue should not be contacted with the electrolyte or the electrode
C. The test is always performed on the tooth in question prior to testing on a control tooth
D. Gloves should not be worn while performing EPT because it may cause false negative responses
Answer:
C. The test is always performed on the tooth in question prior to testing on a control tooth
This statement is a false statement because, the test is always performed on a control tooth first, and then only on the tooth in question.
EPT checks the sensibility of a tooth by stimulating nerve endings with a low current and high potential difference in voltage. Although manufacturers of this device give normal reference values of current, the best way to check "normal/baseline" values is to use it on adjacent (nonpathological) teeth. This is then compared with the values obtained on the tooth being questioned. The EPT uses electrical excitation to stimulate the A-delta sensory fibers in the pulp.
Any restorations in the tooth or the adjacent gingival tissue should not be contacted with the electrolyte or the electrode because this may give a misleading response.
The electric Pulp test cannot be solely depended on for testing pulp vitality, results should be confirmed by other vitality tests like cold test or test cavity.
The most ideal way of performing a pulp sensibility test is a combination of cold test and Electric Pulp Test (EPT).
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A. The objective is to stimulate a pulpal response by subjecting the tooth to an increasing degree of electric current
B. Any restorations in the tooth or the adjacent gingival tissue should not be contacted with the electrolyte or the electrode
C. The test is always performed on the tooth in question prior to testing on a control tooth
D. Gloves should not be worn while performing EPT because it may cause false negative responses
Answer:
C. The test is always performed on the tooth in question prior to testing on a control tooth
This statement is a false statement because, the test is always performed on a control tooth first, and then only on the tooth in question.
EPT checks the sensibility of a tooth by stimulating nerve endings with a low current and high potential difference in voltage. Although manufacturers of this device give normal reference values of current, the best way to check "normal/baseline" values is to use it on adjacent (nonpathological) teeth. This is then compared with the values obtained on the tooth being questioned. The EPT uses electrical excitation to stimulate the A-delta sensory fibers in the pulp.
Any restorations in the tooth or the adjacent gingival tissue should not be contacted with the electrolyte or the electrode because this may give a misleading response.
The electric Pulp test cannot be solely depended on for testing pulp vitality, results should be confirmed by other vitality tests like cold test or test cavity.
The most ideal way of performing a pulp sensibility test is a combination of cold test and Electric Pulp Test (EPT).
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#MCQ 10 - In Orthodontics, Porcelain brackets have better esthetics as compared to stainless steel brackets. However, a major disadvantage is:
#MCQ 10 - In Orthodontics, Porcelain brackets have better esthetics as compared to stainless steel brackets. However, a major disadvantage is:
A. Stains over time
B. Require special debonding agents
C. Removing is difficult and causes enamel cracks
D. Channel microfraction while debonding
Answer: Removing is difficult and causes enamel cracks
"Ceramic brackets are more difficult to debond than steel brackets, and wing fractures may occur easily during debracketing." - Graber
Drawbacks of Ceramic Brackets:
1. The frictional resistance between orthodontic wire and ceramic brackets is greater and less predictable than it is with steel brackets. This unpredictability makes determining optimal force levels and anchorage control difficult. Ceramic brackets with a steel slot insert to reduce friction are therefore more reliable for clinical purposes.
2. Ceramic brackets are not as durable as steel brackets and are brittle by nature. These brackets may break during orthodontic treatment, particularly when full size (or close to full size) stainless steel archwires are used for torquing purposes.
3. Ceramic brackets are harder than steel and rapidly induce enamel wear of any opposing teeth.
4. Ceramic brackets are more difficult to debond than steel brackets, and wing fractures may occur easily during debracketing.
5. The added bulk required to provide adequate strength makes oral hygiene more difficult.
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#MCQ 9 - Treatment of Ludwig's Angina due to pericoronitis with respect to lower third molar?
#MCQ 9 - Treatment of Ludwig's Angina due to pericoronitis with respect to lower third molar :
A. Incision and Drainage, antibiotics and removal of third molar
B. Intubation prior to surgery
C. Incision and drainage, removal of third molar, antibiotics
D. Tracheostomy should be done before any treatment
Answer: D. Tracheostomy should be done before any treatment
The dramatic reduction in the mortality of Ludwig's angina from 54% to 10% in only 3 years, afforded by Williams and Guralnick, was made possible by their changed surgical policy of immediate establishment of airway security by early intubation or tracheostomy, followed by aggressive and early surgical intervention. This dramatic reduction in mortality from 54 to 10 percent was not due to the first use of penicillin in the treatment of these infections.
Reference: Peterson's Principles of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 3rd Edition, Page 841
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A. Incision and Drainage, antibiotics and removal of third molar
B. Intubation prior to surgery
C. Incision and drainage, removal of third molar, antibiotics
D. Tracheostomy should be done before any treatment
Answer: D. Tracheostomy should be done before any treatment
The dramatic reduction in the mortality of Ludwig's angina from 54% to 10% in only 3 years, afforded by Williams and Guralnick, was made possible by their changed surgical policy of immediate establishment of airway security by early intubation or tracheostomy, followed by aggressive and early surgical intervention. This dramatic reduction in mortality from 54 to 10 percent was not due to the first use of penicillin in the treatment of these infections.
Reference: Peterson's Principles of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 3rd Edition, Page 841
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#MCQ 8 - A dental surgeon has recovered from Hepatitis B after a three months rest. His Laboratory Findings are Normal but he is not allowed to attend to the patients as per the medical board because he is:
#MCQ 8 - A dental surgeon has recovered from Hepatitis B after a three months rest. His Laboratory Findings are Normal but he is not allowed to attend to the patients as per the medical board because he is:
A. Healthy carrier
B. Active carrier
C. Convalescent carrier
D. Paradoxical carrier
Answer: C. Convalescent carrier
A carrier is a person who harbors the pathogenic microorganism without suffering from any ill effect because of it.
Healthy Carrier - One who harbors the pathogen but has never suffered from the disease caused by the pathogen
Convalescent carrier - One who has recovered from the disease and continue to harbor the pathogen in the body
Temporary carrier - This state lasts less than 6 months
Chronic carrier - This state lasts for several years and even rest of the life in some cases
Contact carrier - One who acquires pathogen from a patient
Paradoxical carrier - One who acquires pathogen from other carrier
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A. Healthy carrier
B. Active carrier
C. Convalescent carrier
D. Paradoxical carrier
Answer: C. Convalescent carrier
A carrier is a person who harbors the pathogenic microorganism without suffering from any ill effect because of it.
Healthy Carrier - One who harbors the pathogen but has never suffered from the disease caused by the pathogen
Convalescent carrier - One who has recovered from the disease and continue to harbor the pathogen in the body
Temporary carrier - This state lasts less than 6 months
Chronic carrier - This state lasts for several years and even rest of the life in some cases
Contact carrier - One who acquires pathogen from a patient
Paradoxical carrier - One who acquires pathogen from other carrier
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