- Gingiva is attached to tooth by Junctional Epithelium which forms a collar around the tooth. It is wider (15-30 cells thick) at the floor of the gingival sulcus and tapers apically to a final thickness of some 3-4 cells.
- Surface cells of the junctional epithelium provide the actual attachment of gingiva to tooth tissue (the epithelium being sometimes referred to as attachment epithelium)
- The internal basal lamina of Junctional epithelium unites the epithelium to tooth whereas the external basal lamina of junctional epithelium unites the epithelium to the connective tissue of the gingiva.
- Basal lamina of junctional epithelium is devoid of type IV collagen and type VIII is present.
A. Acellular Afibrillar Cementum (AAC)
- Contains neither cells nor extrinsic or intrinsic collagen fibers apart from a mineralized ground substance
- It is a product of cementoblasts
- In humans, it is found in the coronal cementum
B. Acellular Extrinsic Fiber Cementum (AEFC)
- It is composed entirely of densely packed bundles of Sharpey's fibers and lacks cells.
- It is a product of fibroblasts and cementoblasts
- In humans, it is found in the cervical 1/3rd of roots but may extend further apically
C. Cellular Mixed Stratified Cementum (CMSC)
- It is composed of extrinsic (Sharpey's) and predominantly intrinsic fibers and contains cells
- It is coproduct of fibroblasts and cementoblasts
- In humans, it appears primarily in the apical third of the roots and the apices and in the furcation areas
D. Cellular Intrinsic Fiber Cementum (CIFC)
- Contains cells but no collagen fibers
- It is formed by cementoblasts.
- In humans, it fills resorption lacunae.
# Width of attached gingiva:
A. Decreases with age
B. Increases with age
C. Remains the same
D. Is not age-related
Answer:
B. Increases with age
Because the mucogingival junction remains stationary throughout adult life, changes in the width of attached gingiva are caused by the modification in the position of the coronal end.
The width of attached gingiva increases with age and in supraerupted teeth, with the wear of the incisal edge and continued tooth eruption. The gingival margin of the tooth, therefore the entire dentogingival complex, moves coronally with a resulting increase in width of the attached gingiva.
This is one of the most frequently faced questions by a dentist, "Doctor, How long will my dental restoration last?" In the competitive world of today, people are taken away by the fake promises and guarantees the corporations and manufacturer companies make and expect everything to have a guarantee. But, this question, in particular, is ridiculous because we cannot predict the health or disease of any person or how long will he last!
But, answering the question, the life of any dental restoration depends principally upon four factors:
- remaining tooth structure
- material with which the tooth is being restored
- clinical technique & expertise of the dentist i.e. how well the restoration is done
- post-restoration environmental challenges the tooth is subjected to
Let's see all these one by one.
i) Remaining tooth structure
"A stitch in time saves nine." This age-old proverb can be well realized in dentistry. We can expect the dental restorations' cost to be cheaper, less time consuming and successful for a long time too if the treatment is done as early as possible. We cannot expect a tooth with cavity extending up to the cervical third of crown involving pulp with almost two-thirds of the crown lost already to have the same prognosis as that of the tooth with cavity extending only up to the enamel layer or superficial dentinal layer.
A restoration may fail due to several reasons:
No 1. - Restoration may fracture if its bulk is too small or its mechanical strength is too low.
No 2. - The tooth may fracture if most of the tooth structure is already lost or excessive occlusal force is applied on the restored tooth.
No. 3 - Failure at the tooth restoration junction: If there is no proper seal at the tooth restoration junction, the food materials, and bacteria can percolate through the breach into the tooth and can cause secondary caries.
Let's see the second factor determining the life of dental restoration.
ii) Material with which the tooth is being restored :
Three major dental restorative materials currently used in dentistry are:
- Glass ionomer cement
- Dental composite resins
- Amalgams (not used in many countries but still used in some due to the environmental hazard of mercury)
Different types of glass ionomer cement according to their use are available. Glass ionomers are used mostly in the deciduous teeth of children but they can be used adults too and latest GICs with improved properties have been reported to last about 3-5 years too.
Regarding dental composite resins and amalgams, they have similar strength and longevity provided that, the restoration is done meticulously in ideal conditions.
A rule of thumb for clinical service of restoration is that occlusal restorations are stressed an average of one million times per year. And, typically material fails in the range of 10-100 million cycle range during laboratory testing.
Also, different products from different manufacturers have different mechanical properties. You cannot expect a composite resin from some unknown manufacturer in China to work equally well as that from an internationally renowned brand.
The third factor determining the longevity of restoration is the clinical technique and expertise.
iii) How well the dentist has restored the tooth?
Just because the dentist is old and experienced doesn't mean that he will do the restoration well. A dentist who can do well, may not do his best at all times if he is inattentive or is in a hurry. Improper isolation of tooth and contamination by saliva during the procedure also might have compromised the strength.
And the last and most important factor for the longevity of dental restorations is:
iv) Post-restoration environmental challenges the tooth is subject to
How long would your house last if it were subjected to hot sweet coffee and immediately to freezing cold ice cream? How long would it last if it were struck for about 5000 times daily? What if it is subjected to acidic pH as low as 3 and to alkaline pH as high as 11 within a few minutes? That is what our dental restoration has to sustain. We eat and drink acidic and alkaline foods, hard and soft foods, cold and hot foods, every sort of food without any consideration. How long will it be before the material fatigue occurs in the restoration and breaks down?
By now, you might have understood what I mean to say. But it is a safe bet to say that dental restorations will last about an average of 6-8 years if all the above factors are considered. However, there are cases of restoration failures the very next day as well as some amalgam restorations about 30 years old.
How long has your restoration lasted? What was the material? Please Comment Below for record purpose. Feedback and Suggestions for the article are heartily welcome.
The Codex Alimentarius Commission accepts that there may be minor differences in opinion in the interpretation of lawful and unlawful animals and in the slaughter act, according to the different Islamic Schools of Thought. As such, these general guidelines are subjected to the interpretation of the appropriate authorities of the importing countries. However, the certificates granted by the religious authorities of the exporting country should be accepted in principle by the importing country, except when the latter provides justification for other specific requirements.
1 SCOPE
1.1 These guidelines recommend measures to be taken on the use of Halal claims in food labeling.
1.2 These guidelines apply to the use of the term halal and equivalent terms in claims as defined in General Standard for the Labelling of Prepackaged Foods and include its use in trademarks, brand names and business names.
1.3 These guidelines are intended to supplement the Codex General Guidelines on Claims and do not supersede any prohibition contained therein.
2 DEFINITION
2.1 Halal Food means food permitted under Islamic Law and should fulfill the following conditions:
2.1.1 does not consist of or contain anything which is considered to be unlawful according to Islamic Law;
The correct answers are highlighted in Green. Once you have finished studying these MCQs, Test yourself by watching the video at the bottom of the page.
# Which of the following drugs is least efficacious in the treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy? (MAN-94, AIIMS-93)
a) Phenobarbitone b) Phenytoin sodium
c) Primidone
d) Carbamazepine
# All are true of diazepenes except: (MAN-02)
a) Benzodiazepam is used in treatment of status epilepticus
b) Benzodiazepam is used in the long term treatment of psychic disorders
c) Clonazepam is used in the treatment of petit mal epilepsy
d) None of the above
# Morphine is contraindicated in all of the following except (MAN-02)
a) Pulmonary oedema
b) Emphysema
c) Bronchial asthma
d) Head injury
# Aspirin produces all of the following effects except: (MAN-02)
a) Frank gastric bleeding
b) Prolonged prothrombin time
c) Platelet dysfunction
d) Constipation
# Which of the following is not a contraindication in the therapy with opioids? (MAN-2K)
a) Use in head injury patient
b) Use in impaired pulmonary function
c) Use of agonist with mixed agonist-antagonist
d) Use in severe constant pain
# Which of the following can be given safely to a patient of congestive heart failure? (MAN-2K)
a) Aspirin
b) Paracetamol
c) Diclofenac sodium
d) Ibuprofen
# A common side effect associated with all NSAID drugs is: (MAN-98)
a) Drowsiness
b) Gastric irritation
c) Xerostomia
d) Constipation
# Which of the following is an irreversible side effect resulting from long term administration of phenothiazine antipsychotics? (MAN-97)
a) Infertility
b) Parkinsonism
c) Tardive dyskinesia
d) B & C
# Verrill's sign is seen in: (MAN-2K, AP-2001)
a) Diazepam administration
b) Digitalis toxicity
c) Paget's disease
d) Unconscious states
# Which of the following anti inflammatory drug is a COX- 2 inhibitor? (AIPG-01)
a) Rofecoxib
b) Ketoprofen
c) Aspirin
d) Sulidec
# One of the benzodiazepines (BDZ) comparatively safe in pregnancy is (Category -B): (KAR-2003)
a) Zolpidem
b) Lorazepam
c) Alprazolam
d) None of them
# Morphine a powerful opioid analgesic drug should be avoided in all the following conditions except: (AIPG-01)
a) Bronchial asthma
b) Left ventricular failure
c) Pancreatitis
d) Constipation
# All the following decrease skeletal muscle tone by CNS effects except: (AIPG-99)
a) Diazepam
b) D-tubocurarine
c) Baclofen
d) Mephensin
# Which of the following anti-epileptic agents causes the reversible side-effect of gingival hyperplasia? (MAN-99)
a) Sodium valproate
b) Ethosuximide
c) Phenobarbitone
d) None of them
# NSAID's have adverse effect on: (AIPG-97)
a) Liver
b) Bone
c) Stomach
d) Kidney
# Salicylate overdose in children causes: (AIPG-93)
a) Crystalluria
b) Reye's syndrome
c) Kernicterus
d) None of them
# Carbamazepine is a type of: (AIPG-97)
a) Antiemetic
b) Anti-inflammatory
c) Antidepressant
d) Antibiotic
# Drug which causes gingival hyperplasia: (AIPG-94)
a) Cyclosporin & Nifedipine
b) None of them
c) Aspirin
d) Erythromycin
# All the following statements about opioids is correct except: (AIPG-2001)
a) Pentazocine shows withdrawal symptoms in opioid dependent patients
b) Pentazocine and buprinorphine
c) Ethomorphine is similar to pethidine chemically
d) Partial agonists are free from classic opioid adverse effects
# A patient on 300 mg of aspirin will show all the following except: (AIIMS-94)
a) Prolonged bleeding time
b) Irreversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase path way
c) Inhibition of prostaglandin PGI2
d) Inhibition of thromboxane TXA2
# Thiopentone action is terminated by: (AIPG-99)
a) Metabolism
b) Redistribution
c) Excretion
d) Recycling
# Amyl nitrate is most commonly administered: (MAN-98)
a) Sub lingually
b) Orally
c) Intravenously
d) By inhalation
# Clotting time is most likely to be prolonged by the administration of:
a) Barbiturates
b) Vitamin K
c) Acetaminophen
d) Acetyl salicylic acid
# Aspirin acts on which part of brain? (AIIMS-92)
a) Cortex
b) Medulla
c) Substantia gelatinosa
d) Limbic system
# Antagonist of morphine is: (AIPG-93)
a) Nalpuphine
b) Nalosphine
c) Methadine
d) Naloxone
# Carbamazepine is contraindicated in? (AIPG - 14)
a) Temporal lobe epilepsy
b) Juvenile myoclonus epilepsy
c) None of them
d) Generalized tonic clonic
# Phenytoin is associated with: (AIPG-97, 96)
a) Cushing's syndrome
b) Folic acid deficiency
c) Vitamin C deficiency
d) Alzheimer's disease
# Aspirin causes: (AIPG-97)
a) Hemolytic anemia
b) Aplastic Anaemia
c) Hypoprothrombinemia
d) Agranulocytosis
# Aspirin is used in treatment of Myocardial Infarction: (AIPG-02)
a) It inhibits thromboxanes
b) It helps in reducing inflammatory aggregate
c) It stimulates Prostacyclins
d) It is a vasodilator
# Amitryptyline is a: (AP-03)
a) Tricyclic antidepressant
b) Sedative
c) Antibiotic
d) Diuretic
# Drug which is used to control status epitepticus is: (AP-97, AIPG-93)
a) Glyceryl trinitrite
b) Phero barbital
c) Sodium nitroprusside
d) Diazepam
# Narcotic overdose can be antagonized by: (MAN-99)
a) Nalorphine
b) Naloxone
c) Diphenhydramine
d) Atropine
# An attack of migraine can be easily terminated by: (AIPG-99)
a) Acetylcholine
b) Ergotamine
c) Morphine
d) Ibuprofen
# Which of the following drugs causes extra pyramidal symptoms? (PGI-2K)
a) Antibiotics
b) Barbiturates
c) Salicylates
d) Phenothiazines
# Pregnant patient can be safely given: (AP-2K)
a) Paracetamol
b) Barbiturates
c) Tetracycline
d) Metronidazole
# Aspirin is avoided in children with influenza infection because of association of: (KAR-99)
a) Nausea
b) Diarrhoea
c) Acid-base imbalance
d) Reye's syndrome
# Nausea and vomiting that are associated with administration of opioid analgesic is the result of stimulation of the: (MAN-97)
a) Emetic system
b) Opioid receptors in G.I.T.
c) Limbic system
d) Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)
# Prolonged use of aspirin causes: (AIPG-98)
a) Hypophosphatasia
b) Hypercalcemia
c) Hyperprothrombinemia
d) Hypoprothrombinemia
# The intramuscular administration of 0.6 mg of atropine sulphate to a 50 kg adult may produce all of the following: effects except: (AIIMS-93)
a) Mydriasis
b) Bradycardia
c) Decreased sweating
d) Decreased salivation
# Prolonged use of aspirin leads to: (AIPG-98)
a) Carcinoma
b) Bleeding defects
c) Peptic ulcer
d) B & C
# Phenothiazines are used to: (AIPG-2003)
a) Suppress coughing
b) Produce muscle relaxation
c) Alter psychotic behaviour
d) Produce analgesia
# A 50 year old female with end stage renal disease (ESRD), develops pulmonary tuberculosis. Which one of the following drugs should be used in a reduced dose? (KCET-2011)
a) Ethambutol
b) Pyrazamide
c) Isoniazide
d) Rifampicin
# Drug that does not cause sedation: (AIPG-2011)
a) Zopiclone
b) Nitrazepam
c) Buspirone
d) Diazepam
# An attack of bronchial asthma is most likely to be triggered by: (KAR-99)
The correct answers are highlighted in Green. Once you have finished studying these MCQs, Test yourself by watching the video at the bottom of the page.
# A flat, circumscribed discoloration of skin or mucosa that may vary in size and shape is referred to as: (MAN -94,95; AP- 08)
a) Epulis b) Macule
c) Nodule
d) Papule
# A twenty-one-year-old woman complains that regular, gentle brushing of her teeth is painful besides causing profuse bleeding. Oral examination reveals the loss of epithelium from the attached gingiva of both arches. Which of the following dermatological problems is this patient most likely to have? (MAN -95) a) Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid
b) Chronic discoid lupus erythematosus
c) Pemphigus
d) Psoriasis
# Which of the following is an oral manifestation of lichen planus? (MAN -95)
a) Dentinogenesis imperfecta
b) Fordyce spots
c) White, chalky enamel surface d) White radiating lines on the buccal mucosa
# Antinuclear antibodies are seen in: (MAN -98, KCET -07)
a) SLE
b) Systemic sclerosis
c) Morphea
d) All of the above
# Which of the following diseases of the skin is the most likely to be associated with partial anodontia? (MAN -98, KAR -03)
a) erythema multiforme
b) hereditary ectodermal dysplasia
c) keratosis follicularis
d) lichen planus
# Which of the following is absent in CREST syndrome? (KAR -03, PGI -99, MAN -2K)
a) Calcinosis cutis
b) Raynaud's phenomenon
c) Telangiectasia
d) Endocrine disorders
# Nikolsky's sign is positive in: (KAR -03, COMEDK -03)
a) bullous pemphigus
b) epidermolysis bullosa
c) herpes simplex
d) erythema multiforme
# MONRO's abscess are seen in: (MAN -2K, KAR -97,98)
a) Pemphigus
b) Lichen planus
c) Leukoplakia
d) Psoriasis
# In lichen planus the basal cells which are shrunken with an eosinophilic cytoplasm and with a pyknotic and fragmented nuclei are called: (MAN -01)
a) Tzanck cells
b) Civatte bodies
c) Donovan bodies
d) Rushton bodies
# Grinspan syndrome is associated with: (COMEDK -03, 06, KAR-04)
a) Hypertension, diabetes, lichen planus
b) Oral, ocular, genital lesions
c) Hypertension with oral lesions
d) Pemphigus, CHF, diabetes
# Ectodermal dysplasia is: (AIPG-05)
a) Autosomal recessive
b) Autosomal dominant
c) X-linked dominant
d) X-linked recessive
# Which sites are characteristically affected in Stevens- Johnson syndrome? (APPSC -99)
a) Conjunctiva, genitalia, oral mucosa
b) Liver, spleen, pancreas
c) Oral mucosa, lacrimal apparatus, ears
d) Parotid gland, palate, conjunctiva
# Which one of the following is NOT a lichenoid reaction? (COMEDK-14)
a) Graft versus Host disease
b) Fixed drug eruption
c) Secondary syphilis
d) Pemphigus vulgaris
# Oral diagnostic features of scleroderma include all of the following, except: (KAR -2K)
a) Pseudo ankylosis of the T.M. Joint
b) Widening of the oral aperture
c) A hard and a rigid tongue
d) Difficulty in swallowing
# A typical example of an immunologically mediated collagen vascular/connective tissue disorder is: (MCET-14)
a) Lichen planus
b) Pemphigus vulgaris
c) Lupus erythematosus
d) Epidermolysis bullosa
# Fine Needle aspiration biopsy is indicated to diagnose: (KAR -98)
a) Necrotic pulp
b) Pemphigus
c) Traumatic ulcer
d) Chronic gingivitis
# Subepithelial vesicles are characteristic all of the following EXCEPT: (KCET-08)
a) Bullous pemphigoid
b) Pemphigus
c) Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
d) Cicatricial pemphigoid
# Which is a degeneration disorder characterized by atrophic changes of the deeper structures (e.g. fat, muscle, cartilage & bone) involving one side of the face: (AIPG -04, 05)
a) Miescheris syndrome
b) Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
c) Parry Romberg syndrome
d) Scleroderma
# In Cicatrial pemphigoid, which antigen is bound by IgG on the epidermal side of the salt split skin technique: (COMEDK-07)
a) Laminin 5
b) XVII collagen
c) epitigrin
d) BP antigen 1 &2
# L.E. Cell phenomenon in peripheral blood is seen in: (KAR -2K)
a) Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
b) Ischemic heart disease
c) Infective endocarditis
d) Rheumatic heart disease
# Erosive lichen planus resembles which of the following: (AIIMS -2K)
a) Monilial gingivitis
b) Acute ulcerative gingivitis
c) Desquamative gingivitis
d) Herpetic gingivitis
# Grinspan syndrome is associated with: (KAR-04)
a) Lichen planus
b) Aphthous ulcer
c) Leukoplakia
d) Oral submucous fibrosis
# Desmoplakin is the target antigen in: (AP-2012)
a) Pemphigus foliaceous
b) Pemphigus Vulgaris
c) Drug-induced pemphigus
d) Paraneoplastic pemphigus
# Unusual extensibility of the tongue is a characteristic feature of: (KAR -03)
a) Syphilis
b) Darier-White disease
c) Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
d) Epidermolysis bullosa
# 60 year old diabetic female presented with burning sensation to spicy food, Intraoral examination revealed multiple periodontal abscess and keratotic area in a lace pattern with occasional erosive areas inside the lace pattern. Syndrome associated with this disease is: (COMEDK-14)
a) Peutz jeghers syndrome
b) Sjogren's syndrome
c) Down's syndrome
d) Grinspan syndrome
# En coup de sabre is most likely to be associated with which type of scleroderma?
a) Linear
b) Radicular
c) Vertical
d) Ovoid
# Histopathologic study of lichen planus shows: (AIIMS-99,94; KAR-98)
a) Antiepithelial antibodies
b) Scattered infiltrate with ill-defined lower border
c) Mixed cellular inflammatory infiltrate
d) Presence of T-lymphocytes predominantly
# Cafe au lait macules are seen in: (KCET-10)
a) Albright's syndrome and Bloom's syndrome
b) Von Reklinghausen's neurofibromatosis
c) None of them
d) All of them
# Psoriasis is associated with: (PGI -95)
a) Lupus erythematosus
b) Lupus vulgaris
c) Benign median rhomboid glossitis
d) Geographic tongue
# White radiating lines can be observed in case of lesions of: (AP -2K, AIIMS MAY -2012)
a) Erythema multiforme
b) Lichen planus
c) Pemphigus
d) Leukoplakia
# Pemphigus is characterized by: (AIPG -94, 06)
a) Hyperparakeratosis
b) Hyperorthokeratosis
c) Acantholysis
d) Acanthosis
# 60 year old diabetic female presented with burning sensation to spicy food. Intraoral examination revealed multiple periodontal abscess and keratotic area in a lace pattern with occasional erosive areas inside the lace pattern. Histological feature will be: (COMEDK-14)
a) Saw tooth rete ridges
b) Bulbous rete ridges
c) Elongated rete ridges
d) Flattened rete ridges
# Mucocutaneous lesion associated with neoplasia : (COMEDK-2011)
a) Paraneoplastic pemphigus
b) Parapemphigus
c) Pemphigus vegetans
d) Familial benign pemphigus
# ALL the following are inherited disorders of connective tissue EXCEPT: (KAR- 2013)
a) Marfan syndrome
b) McArdle's disease
c) Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
d) Alport syndrome
# Cicatrical pemphigoid is the synonym for: (AP-2012)
a) pemphigus vulgaris
b) mucous membrane pemphigoid
c) paraneoplastic pemphigus
d) Hailey-Hailey disease
# Pathologic calcification is seen in: (COMEDK-09)
a) Scleroderma
b) Lupus erythematosus
c) Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
d) Lichen planus
# A 3-year-old patient has extensive vesicles on lip, tongue, oral mucous membrane. After 2-4 days vesicles rupture at followed by pseudomembrane formation and also some dermal lesions seen what will be the diagnosis:
a) Steven-Johnson syndrome
b) Herpetic stomatitis
c) ANUG
d) EM
# Oral, ocular and genital lesions are seen in: (AP -04)
a) Erythema multiforme
b) SLE
c) Stevens-Johnson syndrome
d) None of them
# Tzanck smear test is used in the diagnosis of: (KAR -02)
a) Pemphigus
b) ANUG
c) Lichen planus
d) Apthous disease
# Multiple pulp stones are seen in: (COMEDK-10)
a) Down's syndrome
b) Ehler's Danlos syndrome
c) Apert's syndrome
d) Marfan Syndrome
# Erythema multiforme is: (KAR -97)
a) Bacterial infection
b) An acute self-limiting disease, of skin and oral mucous membrane
c) Painless vesicular self-limiting disease
d) A viral disease
# Target Lesions are observed in case of: (COMEDK -03, 06; AP -2K)
a) Erythema multiforme
b) Psoriasis
c) Lichen planus
d) Pemphigus vulgaris
# Lupus erythematosus is: (KAR -03)
a) Autoimmune disorder
b) Neoplastic condition
c) Degenerative condition
d) Reactive Lesion
# Oral Lesions are not seen in: (AP -04)
a) Psoriasis
b) Pemphigoid
c) Candidiasis
d) Stevens-Johnson syndrome
# False about mucous-membrane pemphigoid: (PGI-2014)
a) Twice in female
b) Disease associated antigen are most frequently present in lamina densa
c) Oral mucosa is most frequently involved
d) Autoantibodies towards basement membrane protein
# The swollen degenerating epithelial cell due to acantholysis is: (KAR-04)
a) Tzanck cell
b) Prickle cell
c) Anitschow cell
d) Ghost cell
# Primary lesion in lichen planus is: (KAR -97)
a) Bulla
b) Vesicle
c) Papule
d) Macule
# Koebner's phenomenon is seen with: (KAR -02)
a) Psoriasis
b) Erythema muLtiforme
c) Impetigo
d) Pemphigoid
# Which of the following is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait? (KAR -98rAIIMS -94)
a) Bullous pemphigoid
b) White sponge nevus
c) Lichen planus
d) Pemphigus vulgaris
# Wickham's striae are seen in: (AP -03}
a) Leukoedema
b) Erythema multiforme
c) Lichen planus
d) Leukoplakia
# In ectodermal dysplasia all of the following structures are affected except: (AIPG -94)
a) Teeth
b) Salivary glands
c) Nails
d) Hair
# Ehlers Danlos syndrome is? (AIPG-09)
a) X-Linked recessive
b) X-Linked Dominant
c) Autosomal recessive
d) Autosomal Dominant
# Butterfly rash is typically seen in: (KCET-10)
a) Systemic lupus erythematosus
b) Herpes simplex
c) Scleroderma
d) None of them
# Joint erosions are not a feature of: (AIPG-06)
a) Rheumatoid arthritis
b) Multicentric reticulo-histiocytosis
c) Systemic Lupus eythematosus
d) Psoriasis
# Xeroderma pigmentosum is characterized by: (COMED-2012)
a) Autosomal dominant inheritance
b) Inability to repair sunlight induced damage to DNA
c) Acanthosis of epithelium with elongation of rete ridges
d) Irregular accumulation of melanin in the basal cell layer
# All are diseases of skin except: (AIIMS-09)
a) Keratosis follicularis
b) Erythema multiforme
c) Psoriasis form lesion
d) Erythema migrans
# Intraepithelial vacuolation with formation of vesicle or bulla intraepithelially above the basal layer is characteristically seen in: (AIPG -95)
a) Pemphigus
b) Lichen planus
c) Bullous pemphigoid
d) Candida albicans
# Darier's disease is associated with: (AIPG -04)
a) Vitamin A deficiency and involvement of oral epithelium and skin
b) Diffuse tender ulceration on the palate predominantly
c) Pernicious anaemia
d) Rickets with involvement of teeth and bones
# Which of the following individual show susceptibility to dental caries? (PGI DEC-2013)
a) Down syndrome
b) Pierre robin syndrome
c) Epidermolysis bullosa
d) Hereditary fructose intolerance
# Which of the following is not a type of lichen planus? (KAR -03)
a) Hypertrophic
b) Atrophic
c) Verrucous
d) Erosive
# Autoantibodies Anti Ro and Anti La are completely absent in: (COMEDK-15)
a) Sjogren's syndrome
b) Diffuse Scleroderma
c) Rheumatoid arthritis
d) Systemic lupus erythematosus
# Immunoflourescence is seen at basement membrane as patchy distribution in: (KAR -97)
a) Lichen Planus
b) Pemphigus
c) Pemphigoid
d) Lupus erythematosus
# Histological clefts in lichen planus are: (COMEDK-09)
a) Auspitz's sign
b) Civatte bodies
c) Wickham's Striae
d) Max - Joseph spaces
# Most common lesion in Mucous membrane pemphigoid is: (COMEDK-14)
a) Esophageal ulcer
b) Ulcer of Soft palate
c) Symblepharon
d) Desquamative gingivitis
# Which of the following are seen in ectodermal dysplasia? (AIIMS -90}
a) Defective or absence of sweat glands
b) Hyperpyrexia
c) Protuberant lips and frontal bossing
d) Any of them
# In which of the following disorders a circulating antibody directed to intercellular cementing substance of stratified squamous epithelium is observed: (AIIMS, KAR -03)
a) Pemphigus vulgaris
b) Bullous pemphigoid
c) Verrucous vulgaris
d) Lichen planus
# Fish Net pattern in pemphigus vulgaris is seen in which of the following tests? (KAR-2013)
a) Tzanck smear
b) Histopathology
c) Direct immunofluorescence
d) FNAC
# Intra-epithelial bulla are found in: (AIIMS-98)
a) Pemphigoid
b) Pemphigus
c) Bullous pemphigoid
d) Bullous lichen planus
# A 60-year-old has got severe bulla and target lesion which erythema around halo and genital Lesions: (AIIMS -2K)
a) Herpes zoster
b) Stevens Johnson syndrome
c) Herpes simplex
d) Herpangina
# Bullae formation after striking an intact skin/mucosal surface is known as: (KAR -2K)
a) Chovstek's sign
b) Tinel's sign
c) Babinski's sign
d) Nikolsky's sign
# Hydropic degeneration of the basal cell of the stratum germinativum is a feature of? (PGI-08)
a) Leukoplakia
b) Lichen Planus
c) Pemphigus
d) Syphilis
# Steven-Johnson syndrome involves: (AIPG -98)
a) Type I hypersensitivity reaction
b) Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
c) Type II hypersensitivity reaction
d) Type III hypersensitivity reaction
# Lichen planus: (KAR -02)
a) Must be excised
b) Treated only by medication
c) Can undergo malignant change
d) Is an idiosyncrasy reaction
# Oral lesion associated with ulcerative colitis: (COMEDK-10)
a) Pyostomatitis Vegetans
b) Sarcoidosis
c) Lichen planus
d) Dermatitis herpetiformis
# Immunoflourescence test is positive in: (AIPG -95)
a) Psoriasis
b) Lupus erythematosus
c) Scleroderma
d) Myxoedema
# Formation of multiple pinpoint bleeding spots on scratching the skin is characteristic of: (KAR -2K)
