Gemination, Twinning, Concrescence and Fusion of Teeth

Gemination:

• An attempt at division of a single tooth before calcification, resulting in incomplete formation of two teeth.

• The resultant structure will have two completely or incompletely separated crowns with a single root and root canal.

• It is difficult to differentiate between gemination and a case in which there has been fusion between a normal tooth and a supernumerary tooth.

Twinning:

The division of a single tooth resulting in one normal and one supernumerary tooth. The number of teeth will be more than normal.

Concrescence:

• A form of fusion of cementum after completion of root formation

• The teeth are united by cementum only.

• Maxillary molars are frequently involved

Fusion: 

• Union of two normally separated tooth germs.

• If the union occurs before calcification, the two teeth are completely united to form a single Large tooth.

• If the union occurs after calcification, there is union of roots only. The tooth may have separate or fused root canals.

•  Fusion of teeth is more common in deciduous teeth.

MCQs on Pathology - Growth Disorders and Neoplasia

The Correct answers are highlighted in GREEN.

# Burkitt's lymphoma is associated with the proliferation of: (AP -99)
a) T- cell
b) B - cell
c) Lymph vessels
d) Lymph nodes

# Incidence of most common malignant tumors in men in India is in:
a) Lungs
b) Oral cavity
c) Prostate
d) Liver

MCQs in Microbiology - Virology Part 2

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# The classic opportunistic infection in acquired immune deficiency syndrome is: (KAR-2000)
a) Aphthous stomatitis
b) Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
c) Herpetic gingivostomatitis
d) Tuberculosis

# In which of the following immunization is given after infection is started: (AP-2004)

a) Influenza

b) Poliomyelitis

c) Herpes

d) Rabies

MCQs on Microbiology - Virology Part 1

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# HIV is transmitted by all of the following routes except: (AP-14, MAN-2002)
a) Saliva
b) Needle prick injury
c) Blood transmission
d) Sexual intercourse

# A rise in the anti-HBc immunoglobulin in a patient indicates: (MAN-2000)

a) Acute infection

b) Carrier state

c) Prodromal phase

d) Convalescence

MCQs on Hematology and Endocrinology Part 2 - General Medicine MCQs

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# Enzyme deficient in diabetes mellitus is: (TNPSC-99)
a) Glucokinase
b) Hexokinase
c) Phosphorylase

d) Pyrophosphate dehydrogenase

# Which of the following neoplasms is primary in the adrenal medulla? (APPSC-99)

a) Pheochromocytoma

b) Eosinophilic adenoma

c) Arrhenoblastoma

d) None of the above

MCQs on Hematology and Endocrinology Part 1 - General Medicine MCQs

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# In thrombocytopenic purpura there is: (AIPG-93, 98)
a) Increase in platelet count
b) Decrease in platelet count
c) Normal platelet count
d) Defective platelet function

# Bleeding time is prolonged in: (AIPG-98)

a) Factor VIII deficiency

b) Christmas factor deficiency

c) Von Willebrand disease

d) Vitamin K deficiency

# Which of the following coagulation factors is deficient in classical haemophilia? (AIPG-94)

a) VIII

b) IX

c) X

d) XII

MCQs on General Biochemistry

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# Detoxification of drugs is controlled by:
a) Cytochrome
b) Cytochrome P450
c) Cytochrome C
d) Cytochrome A

# In cytochrome P450, P stands for:

a) Structural proteins

b) Substrate protein

c) Pigment

d) Polymer

# Detoxification or protective synthesis occurs by:

a) Oxidation

b) Reduction

c) Conjugation

d) Any of the above

# The major driving force for formation of membrane lipid bilayer is:

a) Hydrogen bonding

b) Hydrophobic interactions

c) Vander waal forces

d) Not known