Types of Cartilage

Hyaline Cartilage	Matrix consists of lacunar capsule containing individual chondrocytes. Widely distributed in the body. Surface covered by perichondrium. Type II collagen is found	Costal cartilage Articular cartilages of most synovial joints Thyroid, cricoid and arytenoid cartilages, pharyngeal cartilages, parts of nasal septum, epiphyseal plate essential for bone growth
Fibrous Cartilage	Also called white cartilage. Type I collagen is found. Perichondrium is absent. Highest tensile force. Calcification may occur with age.	It is found in symphysis, Intervertebral discs, public symphysis, articular disc of most of the joints and menisci of knee joint.
Elastic Cartilage	Yellow cartilage. This is similar to hyaline cartilage except that elastic fibres are present instead of type II collagen fibres. Calcification does not occur.	It is found in auricle. Wall of the medial part of the auditory tube. Epiglottis, corniculate, cuneiform and apical part of the arytenoids cartilages of larynx.

MDS Entrance Exam Syllabus - Nepal Medical Education Commission 2020

(2} MDS (Masters in Dental Surgery)
A. Eligibility:
a. BDS or equivalent from institutions recognized by government of Nepal
b. Registered in Nepal Medical Council
c. Registered in respective medical council of applicant's own country for foreign candidates
d. One year experience
e. Candidate should score minimum of 50% (Pass Marks) in the Entrance Examinations conducted by Medical Education Commission for being eligible to be in the merit list.


B. Exam Format:
a. Single best response type with Multiple choice questions
b. Four options (A, B, C, D)
c. No. of questions - 200
d. Recall:Understanding:Application - 30:50:20
e. Duration - (3 hours including one-time voluntary toilet break)
> To be allowed only after an hour

Prevalence vs incidence

# For a given population, the number of disease cases are divided by the total number of people. Which of the following rates were calculated?
A. Odds ratio
B. Prevalence
C. Incidence
D. Specificity

The prevalence of a condition describes the proportion of a population who have acquired a condition.

Prevalence proportion is computed by comparing the total number of people affected with a condition against the overall number of people being studied. The result is usually written as a percentage, fraction, or by noting the number of known cases per 10,000 people or 100,000 people.

Incidence describes the number of new cases that occurred in a given population within a certain period.

February 2016 Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics past Questions

[LI 672]                                          FEBRUARY 2016                             Sub.
Code: 4164
FOURTH YEAR B.D.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION
PAPER IV – CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS
Q.P. Code : 544164
Time : Three Hours                                                                         Maximum
: 70 Marks
Answer All Questions
I. Elaborate on:                                                                                   
             (2 x 10 = 20)
1. Classify dental amalgam. Write in detail about techniques for amalgam restoration fabrication.
2. Ellis classification of traumatic injuries. Write in detail about storage medium and management
of avulsed tooth.

II. Write Notes on:                                                                               
           (10 x 5 = 50)
1. Irrigants in endodontics.
2. Rubber dam.
3. Dental operating microscope.
4. High copper silver amalgam.
5. Glass ionomer cement.
6. Prefabricated post system.
7. Endodontic microbiology.
8. Factors influencing healing after endodontic treatment.
9. Gingival marginal trimmer.
10. Gutta percha.
*******

August 2015 - Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics past Questions

[LH 672]                                          AUGUST 2015                                 Sub.
Code: 4164
FOURTH YEAR B.D.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION
PAPER IV – CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS
Q.P. Code: 544164
Time : Three Hours                                                                         Maximum
: 70 marks
Answer All Questions
I. Elaborate on:                                                                                 
             (2 x 10 = 20)
1. Discuss in detail about classification II mesio occlusal in lay cavity preparation for lower
right first molar. Add a note on cast metal restorations giving their indications advantages and
disadvantages.
2. Write about classification of endodontic instruments. Enumerate methods of working length
determination with a brief note on apex locations.
II. Write notes on :                                                                             
           (10 x 5 = 50)
1. Tarnish and corrosion.

2. Castable ceramics.

3. Mat Gold.

4. Direct Vaniers.

5. Types and uses of Wedges.

6. Chlorhexidine uses.

7. Replacement Resorption.
8. Mishaps in cleaning and shaping.

9. Access cavity for upper central incisor.

10. Thermoplastized Gutta percha.
*******

February 2015 Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Past Questions

[LG 672]                                  FEBRUARY 2015                     Sub. Code: 4164

FOURTH YEAR B.D.S. DEGREE EXAM
PAPER IV - CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS
Q.P Code: 544164
Time: 180 Minutes                                                                Maximum: 70 Marks

I. Elaborate on:                                                                                 
(2 x 10 = 20)

1.  Define dentin hypersensitivity. Discuss the cause, mechanism and management of dentin
hypersensitivity.

2.  Define working length in endodontics. Enumerate the methods to determine working length.
Discuss in detail Apex locators.

II. Write Notes on:                                                                             (10
x 5 = 50)

1.  Design of a dental bur.
2.  Smear layer.
3.  Matricing for direct tooth colored restorations.
4.  Home bleaching techniques.
5.  Trituration.
6.  Pulpitis.
7.  Gutta percha chemistry, composition and uses.
8.  Pulpotomy.
9.  Root canal irrigants.
10. Avulsed tooth and its management.
*******

August 2014 Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Past Questions

[LF 672]                                      AUGUST  2014                       Sub. Code: 4164

FOURTH YEAR B.D.S. DEGREE EXAM
PAPER IV - CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY & ENDODONTICS
Q.P Code: 544164
Time: 180 minutes                                                              Maximum: 70 marks

I.  Elaborate on:                                                                                 
(2X10=20)

1.  Define bleaching. Enumerate the materials used and various techniques of bleaching. Describe in
detail night guard bleaching technique.

2.  Define obturation. Enumerate the materials used and various techniques of obturation. Describe
in detail warm vertical condensation technique.

II. Write Notes on:                                                                             
(10X5=50)
1.   Demineralization-Remineralization cycle
2.  Instrument formula for hand cutting instruments
3.  Hybrid layer
4.  Wedging techniques
5. Compare and contrast tooth preparation for silver amalgam versus composite restoration
6.  Phoenix abscess
7.  Resin based endodontic sealers
8.  Standardization of a K-file endodontic instrument
9.  Apexification
10. Root end filling materials
******