Sterilizing Semi critical items

# In reference to the Spaulding Classification System for contaminated items, semi critical items should be reprocessed by:
A. Immersion in a tuberculocidal disinfectant
B. Heat sterilization if the material is heat stable
C. Washing with a chlorhexidine gluconate solution
D. A spray-wipe-spray technique

The correct answer is B. heat sterilization if the material is heat stable.

Semi critical items are defined as instruments that do not penetrate soft tissues or bone but are used inside the mouth and contact the mucosa.

These instruments must be sterilized after every use or must undergo high level disinfection if they are not heat stable.

Best Gloves for Protection

# Which of the following types of gloves should be utilized to provide the best protection during the cleaning of dental operatories?
A. Vinyl
B. Cotton
C. Utility
D. Latex

The correct answer is C. Utility gloves

Utility gloves are designed to provide best protection during cleaning of dental operatories. 

Utility gloves should be used during cleaning the dental operatories. 

Utility gloves are thicker than latex and vinyl gloves. 

These have larger cuffs and are designed to handle wastes more easily. 

Utility gloves have greater tear strength and are more water resistant. 

Physiology MCQs - Endocrinology - Multiple Choice Questions

# If a chemical agent is produced by a cell and if the agent acts on the same cell, the effect is termed as:
A. Endocrine effect
B. Paracrine effect
C. Autocrine effect
D. None of the above

# All of the following are autocoids except:
A. Histamine
B. Eicosanoids
C. Serotonin
D. Insulin

# The following is believed to be a second hormonal messenger in many tissues.
A. Cyclic AMP
B. Prostaglandins
C. Calcium ions
D. Adenyl cyclase

# Drug receptors for steroids are present in the:
A. Nuclear chromatin
B. Cell membrane
C. Cytoplasm
D. Nucleus

Highest number of death due to Corona Virus Infection (COVID-19)

# Most deaths due to COVID-19, an infection due to novel coronavirus has occurred till date (23rd March) in which country?
A. Russia
B. China
C. Italy
D. USA

The correct answer is C. Italy.

No. of Deaths till Date.

Italy  - 5476
China - 3270
Russia - 1
USA -  458

Most Common Neurotransmitter:

# Most common neurotransmitter is:
A. Dopamine
B. GABA
C. Acetylcholine
D. Norepinephrine

The correct answer is : C. Acetylcholine

Types of Cartilage

Hyaline Cartilage	Matrix consists of lacunar capsule containing individual chondrocytes. Widely distributed in the body. Surface covered by perichondrium. Type II collagen is found	Costal cartilage Articular cartilages of most synovial joints Thyroid, cricoid and arytenoid cartilages, pharyngeal cartilages, parts of nasal septum, epiphyseal plate essential for bone growth
Fibrous Cartilage	Also called white cartilage. Type I collagen is found. Perichondrium is absent. Highest tensile force. Calcification may occur with age.	It is found in symphysis, Intervertebral discs, public symphysis, articular disc of most of the joints and menisci of knee joint.
Elastic Cartilage	Yellow cartilage. This is similar to hyaline cartilage except that elastic fibres are present instead of type II collagen fibres. Calcification does not occur.	It is found in auricle. Wall of the medial part of the auditory tube. Epiglottis, corniculate, cuneiform and apical part of the arytenoids cartilages of larynx.

MDS Entrance Exam Syllabus - Nepal Medical Education Commission 2020

(2} MDS (Masters in Dental Surgery)
A. Eligibility:
a. BDS or equivalent from institutions recognized by government of Nepal
b. Registered in Nepal Medical Council
c. Registered in respective medical council of applicant's own country for foreign candidates
d. One year experience
e. Candidate should score minimum of 50% (Pass Marks) in the Entrance Examinations conducted by Medical Education Commission for being eligible to be in the merit list.


B. Exam Format:
a. Single best response type with Multiple choice questions
b. Four options (A, B, C, D)
c. No. of questions - 200
d. Recall:Understanding:Application - 30:50:20
e. Duration - (3 hours including one-time voluntary toilet break)
> To be allowed only after an hour