Dentosphere : World of Dentistry

# Serum alkaline phosphate is increased in all EXCEPT: A. Paget's disease B. Fibrous dysplasia C. Osteomyelitis D. Hyperparathyroidism - In Paget's disease and hyperparathyroidism the level of Serum alkaline phosphate is elevated. - In fibrous dysplasia, the levels are elevated initially. - In Osteomyelitis, the level stays normal, so is the answer. Oral manifestations of osteogenesis imperfecta - large head size - frontal bossing - maxillary hypoplasia - bulbous crowns of teeth with Dentinogenesis imperfecta and blue or brown translucence (opalescent teeth) - Class III mal occlusion with anterior and posterior cross bite. - Severe attrition of deciduous teeth - Multiple impacted permanent teeth - Excessive bruising tendency - increased incidences of development of osteitis and osteomyelitis following extraction of teeth. 

# Difference between periapical granuloma and periapical cemental dysplasia: A. Vitality B. Histologically C. Radio graphically D. Culture media The correct answer is A. Vitality Periapical granuloma The tooth in Periapical granuloma is non vital and may be slightly tender to percussion but otherwise symptoms may be minimal. - Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia (osseous dysplasia; cemental dysplasia; cementomas). → Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia predominantly involves the periapical region of the anterior mandible. → Solitary lesions may occur but multiple foci are present more frequently. There is a marked predilection for female patients (ranging from 10: 1 to 14: 1) and approximately 70 % of cases affect blacks. → Most patients are diagnosed initially between the ages of 30 and 50, with the diagnosis almost never made in individuals under the age of 20 years.  Teeth associated with the lesions are almost invariably vital and seld...

# History of excessive thirst, hunger, micturition during nights and recent loosening of teeth usually indicate that the patient is suffering from: A Hypertension B Hyperthyroidism C Diabetes mellitus D Glomerulonephritis The correct answer is C. Diabetes Mellitus.

THEORIES OF LOCAL ANAESTHESIA are - A. Calcium displacement theory: LA molecules displaces calcium inside the nerve which in turn controls sodium channels. B. Electrical potential theory: The cations RNH+ of LA align themselves on the nerve membrane and make outside potential more positive, thus the threshold potential is increases. C. Membrane expansion theory: LA penetrates the membrane, expands it and narrows the sodium channels, thus decreases the permeability to sodium ions. D. Specific receptor theory: The specific receptors are sodium channels which are bound by LA controls the sodium channels. It is the most acceptable theory which explains the actions of LA.

# A radiograph of the mandibular anterior teeth in a patient reveals radiolucencies above the apices of right lateral and central incisors. No restorations or cavities are present. There is no pain or swelling and the pulps are vital. The diagnosis is: a) Periapical granuloma b) Cementoblastoma c) Radicular cyst d) Chronic abscess The correct answer is B. Cementoblastoma Options A, C, and D are associated with non-vital teeth. Cementoblastoma (periapical osteofibrosis or periapical fibrous dysplasia or periapical cemental fibrous dysplasia) usually involves people of over 20 years of age and women appear to be affected for more than men. The lesion occurs in and near the periodontal ligament around the apex of the tooth, usually a mandibular incisor.  In most cases, the lesions involve the apices of several mandibular anterior teeth or bicuspids. Note: The codition that is confusing with periapical cemental dysplasia (cementoblastoma) is Benign cementoblastoma, which is a...

Oral submucous fibrosis is a chronic, progressive, scarring, high-risk precancerous condition of the oral mucosa seen  primarily on the Indian subcontinent and in Southeast Asia. It has been linked to the chronic placement in the mouth of a betel quid or paan and is found in 0.4% of India's villagers. The quid consists typically of areca nut and slaked lime, usually with tobacco and sometimes with sweeteners and condiments, wrapped ina betel leaf. The slaked lime acts to release an alkaloid (arecaidine) from the areca nut, producing a feeling of euphoria and well-being in the user. ETIOLOGY Excessive consumptions of red chilies. Excessive "areca nut" chewing. Nutritional deficiency: Deficiency of vitamin A, B complex and C, etc. as well as the deficiency of iron and zinc in the diet. Immunological factors: oral submucous fibrosis exhibits increased number of eosinophils both in the circulation as well as int he tissue. Moreover, there is also presence of gam...

# Fovea palatine situated in hard palate are significant as:  A. Termination of maxillary denture B. Opening of minor salivary gland ducts  C. Indicates closure of mid palatine raphe  D. Opening of greater palatine canal The correct answer is B. Opening of minor salivary gland ducts.  Palatine fovea These are the orifices of common collecting ducts of minor palatine salivary glands. The fovea palatini are two depressions that lie bilateral to the midline of the palate, at the approximate junction between the soft and hard palate. They denote the sites of opening of ducts of small mucous glands of the palate. They are often useful in the identification of the vibrating line because they generally occur with in 2 mm of the vibrating line. The hamular process, or hamulus, is a bony projection of the medial plate of the pterygoid bone and is located distal to the maxillary tuberosity. Lying between the maxillary-tuberosity and the ...