Root caries of tooth

# Root caries is alarming because:
 A. It is near to apex
 B. It is symptomatic
 C. It is not seen
 D. It has rapid progression

The correct answer is D. It has rapid progression.

- Root surface caries may occur on the tooth root that has been exposed to the oral environment.
- Root caries is usually more rapid than other forms of caries, and thus should be detected and treated early.
- Root caries is becoming more prevalent because an increasing number of older persons are retaining more of their teeth and experiencing gingival recession, both of which increase the likelihood of root caries development.

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Remineralization of Tooth

# The pH at which the remineralisation of damaged tooth structure occurs is said to be:
 A. 5.5
 B. 2.5
 C. 3.5
 D. 6.2

The correct answer is A. 5.5.

5.5 for 20 to 50 minutes is called as critical pH below which the tooth demineralizes and above remineralization occurs.

The critical pH for root surface demineralization is approximately 6 to 6.7

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Absolute Contraindication for extraction of teeth

# An absolute contraindication for extraction of teeth is:
A. Hypertension
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Thyrotoxicosis
D. Central hemangioma 

The correct answer is D. Central hemangioma.

Hemorrhagic lesions: There are two entities that constitute absolute contraindications to exodontics: arteriovenous or sinusoidal aneurysms and central hemangiomas. (KRUGER)

Extraction of a tooth associated with a central hemangioma results in profuse bleeding and death of patients.

Relative contraindications:
- six months after a myocardial infarction
- extraction of teeth in previously irradiated areas
- presence or suspicion of hemangioma
- uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
- acute blood dyscrasias
- untreated coagulopathies
- necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Thyrotoxicosis

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Wound tissue and repair

# The word 'Patient' is derived from Latin word 'patiens' which means:
A. Disease
B. Suffering
C. Treatment
D. To cure

# "Sign of compression" is characteristically seen in:
A. Lipoma
B. Hernia
C. Vascular swelling
D. Sebaceous cyst

MCQs on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Airway Maintenance

# The primary airway hazard for an unconscious patient in a supine position is:
A. Tongue obstruction
B. Bronchospasm
C. Laryngospasm
D. Aspiration

# Among the following, which is the rescue breathing in adult?
A. 6 times/min
B. 18 times/min
C. 12 times/min
D. 24 times/min

MCQs on Respiratory System Part 2

# Localised suppuration of lung is called:
A. an abscess
B. Empyema
C. Emphysema
D. Anasarca

# Not true about Pleurisy:
A. Pleural pain
B. Pleuropericardial rub
C. Usually secondary to lung infection
D. None of the above

Rapid Palatal Expansion

# Typically rapid palatal expansion is done with a jack screw that is activated at the rate of:
a) 1.0 to 2.0 mm/week
b) 1.0 to 2.0 mm/day
c) 0.5 to 1.0 mm/week
d) 0.5 to 1.0 mm/day   

The correct answer is D. 0.5 to 1.0 mm/day. 

Rapid expansion typically is done with two turns daily of the Jackscrew (0.5mm) activation. This creates 10 to 20 pounds of pressure across the mid palatal suture, which is enough to create microfractures of interdigitating bone spicules. In slow palatal expansion, approximately 0.5mm per week is the maximum rate at which the tissues of the midpalatal suture can adopt. 

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