Synovial fluid is considered an ultrafiltrate of:

# In relation to TMJ, synovial fluid is considered an ultrafiltrate of:
A. Serum
B. Platelets
C. Plasma
D. Lymph

The correct answer is C. Plasma. 

In relation to TMJ, synovial fluid is considered an ultrafiltrate of plasma. 

Total protein content is less compared to plasma but relatively there is higher albumin and less proportion of gamma globulin.

Usually, less than 2 ml of fluid is present in each healthy TMJ. 

It contains higher amounts of hyaluronic acid. It increases the viscosity of the fluid and helps in its function as a shock absorber. 

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Pontic recommended in mandibular anterior areas

# A pontic recommended in mandibular anterior areas with extensive ridge resorption:
A. Modified ridge lap
B. Modified ridge lap with no embrasures
C. Sanitary pontic
D. Bullet pontic

The correct answer is B. Modified ridge lap with no embrasures.

In the mandibular anterior region when there is minimal bone loss (and esthetics are involved), modified ridge lap is the preferable design; when there is extensive bone loss modified ridge lap with no embrasures is the preferable design. 

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The pontic recommended for posterior maxillary area

# The pontic recommended for posterior maxillary area:
A. Saddle type
B. Sanitary type
C. Modified ridge lap
D. Bullet

The correct answer is: C. Modified ridge lap.

- Modified ridge lap is used when both aesthetics and function are of concern. 

- It is used in maxillary posterior region and mandibular anterior region. 

- Conical pontic is also called egg pontic. 

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Excessive temperatures during acrylic processing

# Excessive temperatures during acrylic processing may result in:
A. Discoloration of acrylic
B. Excessive shrinkage
C. Excessive expansion
D. Evaporation of acrylic monomer

The correct answer is D. Evaporation of acrylic monomer.

Excessive temperature during the acrylic processing will make the monomer boil, causing it to evaporate, creating porosities.

Porosities created by monomer evaporation will make the acrylic denture base weaker in both its chemical composition and physical durability. 

The end result is a poorly fabricated denture with voids and an inaccurate fit.

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Which tooth has maximum root surface area?

# Which tooth has maximum root surface area?
A. Maxillary first molar
B. Mandibular first molar
C. Maxillary canines
D. Mandibular central incisors

The correct answer is A. Maxillary first molar 

- Maxillary first molar has maximum root surface area (433 sq. mm) followed by mandibular first molar (431 sq. mm).

- Among posterior teeth, mandibular first premolars have least root surface area. (180 sq. mm)

- Among anterior teeth, maxillary canines have maximum root surface area. (273 sq. mm)

- Mandibular central incisor has the least root surface area of all teeth. (154 sq. mm)

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Ratio of the periodontal root surface area

# Ratio of the periodontal root surface area of the abutment teeth and the teeth to be replaced should be at least:
A. 1:1
B. 2:1
C. 1:2
D. 1:4

The correct answer is A. 1:1

According to Ante's law,  "Periodontal surface area of abutment teeth should be at least equal to the teeth replaced."

Ideal ratio is 2:1

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Reference points in endodontics in posterior teeth

# Reference points in endodontics in posterior teeth are:
A. Buccal and lingual surfaces
B. Pits
C. Cusp tips
D. Marginal ridges

The correct answer is C. Cusp tips.

Gross occlusal reduction should be done on any decayed or filled posterior tooth undergoing root canal therapy.

This reduction should be done before rubber dam placement to check occlusal clearance in all excursive movements. It should be done before the first endodontic treatment, rather than after, in order not to disturb cuspal reference points used to establish proper length of the tooth.

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