Dentin bonding agent

# A dentin bonding agent has both hydrophilic and a hydrophobic end. The hydrophilic end bonds to:
A. Collagen of dentin
B. Calcium of enamel
C. Hydroxyapatite of hard tissues
D. Resinous restorative material

The correct answer is A. Collagen of Dentin.

- Bonding of composite restoration to dentin depends on difunctional bonding agent. 

- The dentin is hydrophilic and composites are hydrophobic. So, the primer used for bonding composites to dentin should have both the properties. 

- Generally, 90% of dentin bonding agents are used for mechanical interlocking.

- Key ingredients in primers of dentin bonding systems is hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate. (HEMA)

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Classical feature of Actinomycosis

# Which of the following is a classical feature of actinomycosis?
a) Extensive induration of lower jaw
b) Multiple subcutaneous nodules
c) Discharging sinuses
d) Sulphur granules in the discharge

The correct answer is D. Sulphur granules in the discharge. 

Actinomycosis commonly involves cervicofacial region. There is development of multiple abscess which drain through skin and the pus contains typical sulfur granules. Histologically, the colonies shows peripheral radiating filaments because of which Actinomycosis is also known as "Ray fungus". 

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Leutic glossitis

# Leutic glossitis is an intra-oral manifestation caused by:
a) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
b) Actinomycosis
c) Trepenoma pallidium
d) Streptococcus

The correct answer is C. Trepenoma pallidium. 

Leutic glossitis or syphilitic glossitis is atrophic or interstitial glossitis due to tongue involvement by treponema. The importance of leutic glossitis is the chance of undergoing malignant transformation. This type of glossitis is most characteristic and is due to endarteritis obliterans. It is seen in tertiary syphilis.

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Bacterial disease with oral manifestation

# A bacterial disease with oral manifestations is:
a) Herpes
b) measles
c) Diphtheria
d) leishmaniasis 

 

The correct answer is C. Diphtheria. 

Oral manifestations of diphtheria includes "diphtheric membrane" which usually begins on tonsils. The patients will have peculiar nasal twang and may exhibit nasal regurgitation of liquids. There is temporary paralysis of soft palate during third to fifth weeks of disease. 

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Susceptibility to dental caries

# Which of the following individual show susceptibility to dental caries?
a) Hereditary fructose intolerance
b) Down syndrome
c) Pierre robin syndrome
d) Epidermolysis bullosa

The correct answer is D. Epidermolysis bullosa.

Junctional epidermolysis bullosa and recessive variant Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophic variant manifest severe disturbances in enamel and dentin formation. The recessive form may also manifest rudimentary teeth, congenitally absent teeth, hypo plastic teeth, crowns denuded of enamel.

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Unilateral TMJ ankylosis

# Unilateral TMJ ankylosis is associated with the following features except :
A. Multiple carious teeth
B. Facial asymmetry with fullness on the normal side of mandible
C. Chin deviated towards the affected side
D.Prominent antegonial notch on the affected side

The correct answer is A. Multiple carious teeth. 

All other features are seen in unilateral TMJ ankylosis. 

In unilateral TMJ Ankylosis, face is asymmetrical with fullness on the unaffected side of mandible and flattening on the affected side.

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Synovial fluid is considered an ultrafiltrate of:

# In relation to TMJ, synovial fluid is considered an ultrafiltrate of:
A. Serum
B. Platelets
C. Plasma
D. Lymph

The correct answer is C. Plasma. 

In relation to TMJ, synovial fluid is considered an ultrafiltrate of plasma. 

Total protein content is less compared to plasma but relatively there is higher albumin and less proportion of gamma globulin.

Usually, less than 2 ml of fluid is present in each healthy TMJ. 

It contains higher amounts of hyaluronic acid. It increases the viscosity of the fluid and helps in its function as a shock absorber. 

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