What are Pessaries?

# Pessaries are the dosage forms of drug at the following mucosal sites?
A. Vagina
B. Oral Cavity
C. Bronchi
D. Anal canal

The correct answer is A. Vagina.

Pessaries are a form of topical application of drug in the vagina for localized action.

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Pain associated with elongated styloid process

# The pain on swallowing or turning the head associated with elongated styloid process is known as:
A. Tic douloureux
B. Gorham syndrome
C. Costen syndrome
D. Eagle’s syndrome

The correct answer is D. Eagle's Syndrome.

The association of an elongated styloid process with pharyngeal and cervical pain is known as Eagle syndrome and was first described in 1937. Eagle syndrome is characterized as a dull, aching pain localized to one or both sides of the throat with referred otalgia.

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Unilateral TMJ ankylosis

# In unilateral TMJ ankylosis, chin is deviated to:
A. The contralateral side
B. The affected side
C. No deviation seen
D. Side where growth is occurring

The correct answer is B. The affected side.

Unilateral TMJ ankylosis 

Seen in a child or in a person where the onset was usually in the childhood.

1. Obvious facial asymmetry.

2. Deviation of the mandible and chin on the affected side.

3. The chin is receded with hypoplastic mandible on the affected side.

4. Roundness and fullness of the face on the affected side.

5. The appearance of the flatness and elongation on the unaffected side.

6. The lower border of the mandible on the affected side has a concavity that ends in a well defined antegonial notch.

7. In unilateral ankylosis, some amount of oral opening may be possible. Interincisal opening will vary depending on whether it is fibrous or bony ankylosis.

8. Cross bite may be seen.

9. Class II angles malocclusion on the affected side plus unilateral posterior cross bite on the ipsilateral side seen.

10. Condylar movements are absent on the affected side.

Ref: Textbook of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Prof. Dr. Neelima Anil Malik, Third Edition Page 263

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Farmer's lip is also known as:

# Farmer’s lip is also known as:
A. Actinic cheilitis
B. Cheilitis granularis
C. Oral submucous fibrosis
D. Noma

The correct answer is A. Actinic cheilitis.

Actinic cheilitis (AC), also termed actinic cheilosis, actinic keratosis of the lip, solar cheilosis, sailor's lip, and farmer's lip, is a type of lip inflammation caused by long-term sunlight exposure. 

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In emphysema, the dilatation occurs:

# In emphysema, the dilatation occurs:
a) Beyond major bronchus
b) In alveolar region
c) Beyond terminal bronchioles
d) Beyond minor bronchus

The correct answer is C. Beyond terminal bronchioles.

Emphysema is referred to the pathological process of a permanent destructive enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles. The two types of emphysema that cause clinically significant air flow obstruction are Centriacinar (common) and Panacinar emphysema. Panacinar emphysema is associated with α1 antitrypsin deficiency.

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Composites vs unfilled direct filling resin

# The main advantage of composites over unfilled direct filling resin is their: (KAR -97)
a) Higher solubility in saliva
b) Lower modulus of elasticity
c) Esthetic excellence
d) Lower thermal co-efficient of expansion

The correct answer is D. Lower coefficient of thermal expansion.

Advantages of composites (filled resins) over unfilled resins are lower co-efficient of thermal expansion. Low polymerization shrinkage, low water absorption and high abrasive resistance.

On the other hand, composites have less colour stability and do not take the smooth finish as that of unfilled resins.

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Endosonics utilizes which instrument

# Endosonics utilizes which instrument? (AIPG-94)
a) H file
b) Reamers
c) K file
d) Endo box

The correct answer is C. K file

Ultrasonic and sonic instruments are used for cleaning and shaping root canals.

The ultrasonic instrument contains a magentostrictive hand piece which hold a K-file or diamond file. It is operated at 20000 - 25000/sec.

The sonic instruments operate at 1500 - 6500 cycles/min (25-110/sec). Ultrasonic system uses sodium hypochlorite as irrigant, whereas the sonic system uses water as an irrigant.

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