Endodontic Surgery should be avoided in

 # Endodontic Surgery should be avoided in:

A. Short rooted teeth

B. Teeth with periodontal disease

C. Lingual surface of mandibular molars

D. All of the above

The correct answer is D. All of the above.

Because of inaccessibility and difficulty to gain access to the surgical site through dense layers of bone, endodontic surgery should be avoided on lingual surfaces of molars or external oblique ridge of mandible. 

Immunoglobulin most commmon in Periodontitis

#Which immunoglobulin is most common in patients with periodontal disease?

A. IgA

B. IgD

C. lgG

D. lgE

E. IgM 

The correct answer is C. IgG. 

The presence of IgG in gingival crevicular

fluid is a product of actively secreting plasma cells stimulated by chronic plaque/calculus accumulation. 

The next abundant type is IgA, There is a negligible amount of lgM.

lg A predominates in saliva to agglutinate

bacteria so they are more easily swallowed

and evacuated from the oral cavity.

Lingual holding arch

# A mandibular lingual holding arch with loops mesial to each molar band is used in children for:

A. Correction

B. Regaining space

C. Space maintenance only

D. Correction of distally tilted molars 

 

The correct answer is B. Regaining space.

Normal passive mandibular lingual holding arch is used for space maintenance in mandible. This is  a preventive procedure.

Lingual arch with U loops mesial to each molar band is a modification of mandibular lingual arch. The loops are opened periodically and this can bring about distalization of molars by 1 to 2 mm. This is an interceptive procedure.

Primary source of anaerobic bacteria in diseased periodontal tissue

 # Which of the following is the primary source of anaerobic bacteria in diseased periodontal tissue?

A. Supragingival plaque

B. Blood

C. Subgingival plaque

D. Calculus

The correct answer is C. Subgingival plaque. 

Subgingival plaque is most likely to contain the anaerobic bacteria that cause periodontal disease.

Remember that although calculus is a secondary etiologic factor, the primary etiologic factor of periodontal disease is dental plaque.

All Ceramic Restorations

 # Which of the following is the BEST way to avoid porcelain failure in all-ceramic restorations?

A. Rounded angles of the preparation

B. Minimal occlusal forces

C. Porcelain is 3.5mm thick

D. Porcelain is not more than 0.5mm thick 

The correct answer is A. Rounded angles of the preparation.

All ceramic restorations should include rounded angles in the tooth preparation in order to reduce stress concentration along these areas. Sharp angles within tooth preparations are areas where stress is concentrated, and may cause fracturing.

Porcelain thickness is also an important factor in its fracture toughness. All porcelain crowns should have a minimum thickness of 1mm circumferentially and about 1.5mm along the occlusal/ incisal to

achieve strength (Not including the framework of the restoration).

Proper case selection and occlusal load analysis is also an important factor in preventing failure of an all ceramic restoration. 

Abutment teeth in a fixed partial denture

 # What is the primary reason why dentists splint adjacent abutment teeth in a fixed partial denture?

A. Improve spacing mesiodistally

B. Stabilize abutment teeth

C. Improve embrasure contours

D. Improve the distribution of the occlusal load 

The correct answer is D. Improve the distribution of the occlusal load 

Abutment teeth are included in fixed partial dentures to provide retention and help disperse the occlusal load placed on the restoration.

Abutment teeth provides support and stability to the pontic.

Abutment teeth allows better distribution of the occlusal forces acting on all teeth and pontic in the fixed partial denture.

Packing acrylic resin into the denture flasks

# After packing acrylic resin into the denture flasks, one should wait to cure the resin to:

A. Assure full flow of acrylic into the denture mold

B. Allow the monomer to reach all acrylic polymer

C. Allow for pressure to be equalized between the acrylic and flask

D. Make sure temperature equilibrium exists between the flask and acrylic 

The correct answer is D. Make sure temperature equilibrium exists between the flask and acrylic

Allowing the dental flask packed with acrylic to remain under the bench press until equilibrium in temperature is achieved will give enough time for the acrylic to achieve better monomer-polymer interaction and create stronger chemical bond.

The curing of resin should be uniformly completed to lessen any chances of distortion before and during the time the flask is immersed in a water bath.