Dentosphere : World of Dentistry

# The main areas of concern in diagnosis and treatment planning for the child are: A. Oral medical problems B. Dental caries and restorative dentistry C. Occlusion and craniofacial growth and development D. All of the above # Pedodontic triangle is given by: A. Mischer B. McDonanld C. Finn D. Wright # Place of the child in the pedodontic treatment triangle is: A. At the base B. In the centre C. At the apex D. None of the above 

 # Which of the following can result in paradoxical excitement in children?  A. Morphine  B. Phenobarbitone  C. Nitrous oxide  D. Amphetamine The correct answer is B. Phenobarbitone. A paradoxical reaction or paradoxical effect is an effect of medical treatment,usually a drug, opposite to the effect which would normally be expected. Paradoxical excitement is caused by barbiturates which also includes secobarbital.  Reported to occur in approximately 3% of patients. In susceptible individuals,benzodiazepine treatment might increase anxiety,aggressiveness, agitation, loss of  impulse control, talkativeness, violent behavior, and even convulsions. 

 # Before sedating a child: A. Not essential to take the consent B. Essential to take the written consent C. Needed to consult the pediatrician D. Essential for the parents to be present The correct answer is D. Essential for the parents to be present. Before sedating a normal child it is important to take informed consent, and have the parents present during procedure. A child with previous medical history however requires consulting with the child's physician.

 # Altered state of consciousness characterized by a heightened suggestibility to produce desirable behavioral and psychological changes is called: A. Coping B. Hypnosis C. Biofeedback D. Implosion therapy The correct answer is B. Hypnosis. It is also called psychomatic or suggestion therapy.  Hypnosis is a state of  human consciousness involving focused attention and reduced peripheral awareness and an enhanced capacity to respond to suggestion.

 # One of the principal capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners referred to as a(n) _____ capsid.  A. Spiked B. Complex C. Icosahedral D. Helical E. Buckeyball The correct answer is C. Icosahedral. In geometry, an icosahedron (/ˌaɪkɒsəˈhiːdrən, -kə-, -koʊ-/ or /aɪˌkɒsəˈhiːdrən/) is a polyhedron with 20 faces. The name comes from Ancient Greek εἴκοσι (eíkosi) meaning "twenty" and from Ancient Greek ἕδρα (hédra) meaning "seat". The plural can be either "icosahedra" (/-drə/) or "icosahedrons".

 # Viruses have all the following except : A. Definite shape B. Metabolism C. Genes D. Ability to infect host cells E. Ultramicroscopic size The correct answer is B. Metabolism. Viruses are non-living entities and as such do not inherently have their own metabolism. However, within the last decade, it has become clear that viruses dramatically modify cellular metabolism upon entry into a cell. Viruses consist of nucleic acid (genetic material) surrounded by a capsid (protein coat). Most scientists consider viruses to be nonliving because they can't carry out the most basic processes of life. Viruses can't metabolize (break down) food to release energy (carry out respiration) or grow.

 # Endodontic Surgery should be avoided in: A. Short rooted teeth B. Teeth with periodontal disease C. Lingual surface of mandibular molars D. All of the above The correct answer is D. All of the above. Because of inaccessibility and difficulty to gain access to the surgical site through dense layers of bone, endodontic surgery should be avoided on lingual surfaces of molars or external oblique ridge of mandible.