Anemia of chronic disease

# Which of the following is a feature of anemia of chronic disease ?

A.Increased red cell protoporphyrin

B.Hypoproliferative marrow

C.Normal or increased serum ferritin

D.All of the above

The correct answer is D. All of the above. 

Features of anemia of chronic disease are a low serum iron, increased red cell protoporphyrin, hypoproliferative marrow, transferrin saturation of 15 - 20%, & normal or increased serum ferritin.

Ref: Harrison’s 18th edition, Page 849.

Pediatric Dentistry MCQs - Child Behavior Management

# The main areas of concern in diagnosis and treatment planning for the child are:
A. Oral medical problems
B. Dental caries and restorative dentistry
C. Occlusion and craniofacial growth and development
D. All of the above

# Pedodontic triangle is given by:
A. Mischer
B. McDonanld
C. Finn
D. Wright

# Place of the child in the pedodontic treatment triangle is:
A. At the base
B. In the centre
C. At the apex
D. None of the above 

Paradoxical excitement in children

 # Which of the following can result in paradoxical excitement in children?

 A. Morphine

 B. Phenobarbitone

 C. Nitrous oxide

 D. Amphetamine

The correct answer is B. Phenobarbitone.

A paradoxical reaction or paradoxical effect is an effect of medical treatment,usually a drug, opposite to the effect which would normally be expected. Paradoxical excitement is caused by barbiturates which also includes secobarbital. 

Reported to occur in approximately 3% of patients. In susceptible individuals,benzodiazepine treatment might increase anxiety,aggressiveness, agitation, loss of  impulse control, talkativeness, violent behavior, and even convulsions. 

Before sedating a child

 # Before sedating a child:

A. Not essential to take the consent

B. Essential to take the written consent

C. Needed to consult the pediatrician

D. Essential for the parents to be present

The correct answer is D. Essential for the parents to be present.

Before sedating a normal child it is important to take informed consent, and have the parents present during procedure.

A child with previous medical history however requires consulting with the child's physician.

Altered state of consciousness

 # Altered state of consciousness characterized by a heightened suggestibility to produce desirable behavioral and psychological changes is called:

A. Coping

B. Hypnosis

C. Biofeedback

D. Implosion therapy

The correct answer is B. Hypnosis.

It is also called psychomatic or suggestion therapy. 

Hypnosis is a state of  human consciousness involving focused attention and reduced peripheral awareness and an enhanced capacity to respond to suggestion.

Capsid Shapes

 # One of the principal capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners referred to as a(n) _____ capsid. 

A. Spiked

B. Complex

C. Icosahedral

D. Helical

E. Buckeyball

The correct answer is C. Icosahedral.

In geometry, an icosahedron (/ˌaɪkɒsəˈhiːdrən, -kə-, -koʊ-/ or /aɪˌkɒsəˈhiːdrən/) is a polyhedron with 20 faces. The name comes from Ancient Greek εἴκοσι (eíkosi) meaning "twenty" and from Ancient Greek ἕδρα (hédra) meaning "seat". The plural can be either "icosahedra" (/-drə/) or "icosahedrons".

Virus

 # Viruses have all the following except :

A. Definite shape

B. Metabolism

C. Genes

D. Ability to infect host cells

E. Ultramicroscopic size

The correct answer is B. Metabolism.

Viruses are non-living entities and as such do not inherently have their own metabolism. However, within the last decade, it has become clear that viruses dramatically modify cellular metabolism upon entry into a cell.

Viruses consist of nucleic acid (genetic material) surrounded by a capsid (protein coat). Most scientists consider viruses to be nonliving because they can't carry out the most basic processes of life. Viruses can't metabolize (break down) food to release energy (carry out respiration) or grow.