A. Gingivitis
B. Periodontitis
C. Gingival hypertrophy
D. Juvenile periodontitis
# Gingivitis is initiated most frequently by:
A. Occlusal trauma
B. Systemic factors
C. Local irritating factors
D. Hormonal defects
MCQs on Periodontology - Periodontal Diseases Part 1
A. Gingivitis
B. Periodontitis
C. Gingival hypertrophy
D. Juvenile periodontitis
# Gingivitis is initiated most frequently by:
A. Occlusal trauma
B. Systemic factors
C. Local irritating factors
D. Hormonal defects
Condition which may lead to Noma
# Which of the following conditions if not treated properly may lead to Noma?
A. Diphtheria
B. Herpangina
C. Herpetic gingivostomatitis
D. ANUG
The correct answer is D. ANUG
Clinical course of ANUG (Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis) is indefinite. If untreated, NUG (Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis) may lead to NUP (Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis) with a progressive destruction of the periodontium and denudation of roots, accompanied by an increase in severity of toxic systemic complication.
Horning and Cohen Staging of Oral Necrotizing Diseases
Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis --> Periodontitis --> Stomatitis -->Noma
Stage 1: Necrosis of the tip of interdental papilla
Stage 2: Necrosis of entire interdental papilla or marginal gingiva or attached gingiva
Stage 3: Necrosis extending to gingival margin
Stage 4: Necrosis extending also to attached gingiva
Stage 5: Necrosis extending into buccal or labial mucosa
Stage 6: Necrosis exposing alveolar bone
Stage 7: Necrosis perforating skin of cheek
Drug of choice in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia:
# Drug of choice in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia:
a) Pentamidine
b) Zidovudine
c) Ciprofloxacin
d) Cotrimoxazole
The correct answer is D. Cotrimoxazole.
Legionnaire's pneumonia -Pneumonia in association with high fever, confusion and diarrhea suggests
Cotrimoxazole, Clindamycin - Drug of choice for atypical pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carini
Clarithromycin, Flucloxacillin - Drug of choice for community acquired pneumonia
Gram negative bacilli - Most common micro organisms isolated from the patients with nosocomial pneumonias
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, pneumocystis carinii and viral infections -Causes of atypical pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumonia (or) Pneumococcus pneumonia - Most common cause of community acquired pneumonia is
Doxycycline, Erythromycin - Drugs used for treatment of atypical pneumonia caused by Chlamydia
Erythromycin, Clarithromycin - Drug of choice for atypical pneumonia caused by mycoplasma
Cyanosis is seen if:
# Cyanosis is seen if:
a) Meth Hb 1.5gm%
b) Sulf Hb 0.5gm%
c) Reduced Hb 5gm%
d) All of the above
Types of cyanosis
- Central
- Peripheral
- Cyanosis due to abnormal pigments (methemoglobin, sulfhemoglobin)
- Mixed
CENTRAL CYANOSIS
Mechanism:
Diminished arterial oxygen saturation
Sites:
On skin & mucous membranes
Eg.: Tongue, lips, cheeks
Temperature of the Limb
Warm
PERIPHERAL CYANOSIS
Mechanism:
Diminished flow of blood to the local part
Sites:
On skin only
Temperature of the Limb
Cold
Thin bluish line around the gingival margin
# A thin bluish line around the gingival margin is due to the absorption of :
A. Silver
B. Mercury
C. Drugs like tetracycline
D. Lead
The correct answer is D. lead.
Heavy metals cause gingival pigmentation in areas of inflammation only, where the increased permeability permits the seepage of metal into the surrounding tissue.
Lead Line (Burtonian Line) --- Bluish red or deep blue linear pigmentation in marginal gingiva
Silver (argyria) --- Violet marginal line
Bismuth, arsenic and mercury --- Black marginal line
Mesenteric line --- Delicate, brown or black pigmented non cariogenic plaque found on the enamel at the cervical margin of the tooth
Plasma cell gingivitis
# Plasma cell gingivitis is seen in individuals having the habit of chewing of the following types of flavored chewing gum?
A. Peppermint flavored
B. Clove flavored
C. Cinnamon flavored
D. Banana flavored
The correct answer is C. Cinnamon flavored.
PLASMA CELL GINGIVITIS
- The gingiva appears red, friable, granular, and bleeds easily.
- It may be associated with cheilitis and glossitis.
- Plasma cell gingivitis is a contact hypersensitivity reaction most frequently attributed to Cinnamon flavored chewing gum.
Gingival manifestation is seen maximum with:
# Gingival manifestation is seen maximum with:
A. AML
B. CLL
C. CML
D. ALL
The correct answer is A. AML.
Gum hypertrophy due to leukemic infiltration of the gingiva is a frequent finding in:
- M4: Acute myelomonocytic leukemia (Naegeli type)
- M5: Acute monocytic leukemia (Schilling type)
Incidence of gingival enlargement is highest in acute monocytic leukemia (66.7%), followed by acute myelocytic monocytic leukemia (18.7%) and myelocytic leukemia (3.7%). Leukemic gingival enlargements are not found in edentulous patients or in chronic leukemia.
Leukemic gingival enlargement occurs only in acute type and not in chronic leukemia. It occurs mostly in acute monocytic leukemia. The gingival connective tissue is infiltrated with immature leukocytes.
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