Superior meatus of nose has opening of:

 # Superior meatus of nose has opening of:

A. Middle ethmoidal sinus

B. Anterior ethmoidal sinus

C. Posterior ethmoidal sinus

D. Middle ethmoidal sinus and Anterior ethmoidal sinus

The correct answer is C. Posterior ethmoidal sinus. 

Meatuses are passages behind the overhanging conchae. 

INFERIOR MEATUS

- Largest of all three

- Nasolacrimal duct opens into it. This opening is guarded by lacrimal fold or Hassner valve.

- Lies underneath inferior concha

MIDDLE MEATUS

- Lies underneath middle concha

- Most air sinuses open into it: Frontal air sinus, Maxillary Sinus, Middle ethmoidal sinus and anterior ethmoidal sinus

SUPERIOR MEATUS

- Below superior concha

- Shallowest of all the three

- Posterior ethmoidal sinus opens into it

# Nasolacrimal Duct opens into Inferior meatus of nasal cavity.

# The frontal paranasal sinus drains into the middle meatus of the nasal cavity.

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Superior sagittal sinus continues as:

 # Superior sagittal sinus continues as:

A. Inferior sagittal sinus

B. Straight sinus

C. Right transverse sinus

D. Left transverse sinus

The correct answer is C. Right transverse sinus.

Superior sagittal sinus continues as right transverse sinus. Inferior sagittal sinus ---> Straight sinus. 

Straight sinus ---> Left transverse sinus. 

Transverse sinus -----> Sigmoid sinus

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Cricothyroid muscle is supplied by:

 # Cricothyroid muscle is supplied by:

A. External laryngeal nerve

B. Internal laryngeal nerve

C. Recurrent laryngeal nerve

D. A direct branch from vagus nerve

The correct answer is A. External laryngeal nerve. 

All the muscles of  larynx are supplied by recurrent laryngeal nerve EXCEPT Cricothyroid. Cricothyroid is supplied by External laryngeal nerve. Recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies:

a) All intrinsic muscles of larynx EXCEPT Cricothyroid

b) Sensory nerves to the larynx below the level of the vocal cords.

c) Cardiac branches to the deep cardiac plexus.

d) Branches to the trachea and oesophagus.

e) Inferior constrictor

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The space between the vocal folds is called:

 # The space between the vocal folds is called as:

A. Rima vestibuli

B. Rima glottidis

C. Rima laryngeus

D. Rima arytenoid

The correct answer is B. Rima glottidis.

Within the cavity of larynx there are two folds of the mucus membrane on each side. The upper fold is the vestibular fold and the lower fold is the vocal fold. 

The space between the right and left vestibular folds is the rima vestibuli; and the space between the vocal folds is the rima glottidis. 

The vestibular and vocal folds divide the cavity of the larynx into three parts: 

1. The part above the vestibular fold is called the vestibule of the larynx.

2. The part between the vestibular and vocal folds is called the sinus or ventricle of the larynx. 

3. The part below the vocal folds is called the infraglottic part. 

The sinus of Morgagni or ventricle of the larynx is a narrow fusiform cleft between the vestibular and vocal folds. The anterior part of the sinus is prolonged upwards as a diverticulum between the vestibular fold and the lamina of the thyroid cartilage. This extension is known as the saccule of the larynx. The saccule contains mucous glands which help to lubricate the vocal folds. 

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The tympanic membrane is supplied by the following nerves EXCEPT:

 # The tympanic membrane is supplied by the following nerves EXCEPT :

A. Auriculotemporal

B. Vagus

C. Glossopharyngeal

D. Chorda tympani

The correct answer is D. Chorda tympani.

The tympanic membrane is a thin, translucent partition between external acoustic meatus and the middle ear. It forms an obtuse angle with the floor of the external auditory meatus. It is oval in shape and measures 9*10 mm. It is placed obliquely at an angle of 55 degrees with the floor of the meatus. It faces downwards, forwards and laterally. The inner surface is convex. Its outer surface is concave. The inner surface provides attachment to handle of the malleus which extends upto its center. The point of maximum convexity lies at the tip of the handle of the malleus and is called the umbo. 

The outer surface of the tympanic membrane is supplied by the auriculotemporal nerve and the auricular branch of the vagus. The inner surface is supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve through the tympanic plexus. 

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External acoustic meatus - Bony or Cartilaginous

 # Which of the following about external acoustic meatus is correct?

A. External acoustic meatus is purely cartilaginous in nature

B. External acoustic meatus is totally bony in nature

C. Medial side is bony in nature, whereas lateral side is cartilaginous in nature

D. Medial side is cartilaginous in nature, whereas lateral side is bony in nature

The correct answer is C. Medial side is bony in nature, whereas lateral side is cartilaginous in nature

External ear consists of auricle and the external acoustic meatus. 

External acoustic meatus is 24 mm long, of which medial two thirds (16 mm) are bony and lateral one third (8 mm) is cartilaginous. It can be examined by pulling the pinna upwards, backwards and outwards. The skin  lining the anterior half of the meatus is supplied by the auriculotemporal nerve and lining the posterior half by the auricular branch of the vagus. External auditory meatus contains modified sebaceous glands. Its floor is longer than its roof. It is narrowest near the tympanic membrane. 

Auricle is made of elastic cartilage. Nerve supply is from facial, vagus and mandibular nerve. Inflammation of the external ear is extremely painful  because its skin is highly vascular and firmly adherent to the underlying tissue. 

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In detachment of retina, the separation is between the:

# In detachment of retina, the separation is between the:

A. Choroid and retina

B. Pigmented layer and layer of rods and cornea

C. Layer of rods and cones and external limiting membrane

D. Layer of nerve fibres and internal limiting membrane

 

The correct answer is B. Pigmented layer and layer of rods and cones.

In detachment of the retina, the outer pigmented layer remains attached to the choroid, but the remaining layers of the retina separate from the pigmented layer and are displaced inwards. 

Most of the eye's interior is filled with vitreous. There are millions of fine fibres intertwined within the vitreous that are attached to the surface of the retina. As we age, the vitreous slowly shrinks or liquifies, and these fibres pull on the retinal surface. Usually the fibres break, allowing the vitreous to separate and shrink from the retina. This is a vitreous detachment which occurs towards inside. 

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