Which muscles make up the pterygomandibular raphe:

 # Which muscles make up the pterygomandibular raphe?

A. Masseter anteriorly and palatopharyngeus posteriorly

B. Masseter anteriorly and middle pterygoid posteriorly

C. Buccinator anteriorly and superior constrictor posteriorly

D. Buccinator anteriorly and middle constrictor posteriorly

The correct answer is C. Buccinator anteriorly and superior constrictor posteriorly.

The pterygomandibular raphe is made up of interlacing tendinous fibres. It is attached above to the pterygoid hamulus (at the lower end of the medial pterygoid plate) and below to the posterior end of the mylohyoid line of the mandible. The raphe gives attachment anteriorly to fibres of the buccinator, and posteriorly to fibres of the superior constrictor of the pharynx. 

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AIIMS MDS ENTRANCE EXAM PAST QUESTIONS NOV 2001

 

AIIMS MDS ENTRANCE EXAM PAST QUESTIONS NOV 2001 by Raman Dhungel on Scribd

Floor of nasal cavity is formed by:

 # Floor of nasal cavity is formed by:

A. Palatine process of maxilla and horizontal part of palatine bone

B. Palatine process of maxilla and vertical part of palatine bone

C. Maxillary process of palatine and horizontal part of maxilla

D. Maxillary process of palatine and vertical part of maxilla

The correct answer is A. Palatine process of maxilla and horizontal part of palatine bone.

The nasal cavities contain: 

Respiratory area: 

The respiratory area is lined by a pseudostratified , ciliated, columnar epithelium. The epithelium contains goblet cells and a subjacent fibrous lamina propria with mixed mucous and serous glands. The Lateral walls contain conchae, which increase the surface area and promote warming of the inspired air. 

Olfactory area:

The olfactory area is located in the posterosuperior nasal cavity and is lined by a pseudostratified epithelium composed of bipolar neurons (olfactory cells), supporting cells, brush cells, and basal cells. The basal cells are stem cells that continuously turn over to replace the olfactory receptor cells. This is the only example in the adult human where neurons are replaced. Under the epithelium, Bowman glands produce serous fluid which dissolves odorous substances. 

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Oral diaphragm is formed by:

 # Oral diaphragm is formed by:

A. Mylohyoid muscle

B. Genioglossus muscle

C. Buccinator muscle

D. Orbicularis oris muscle

The correct answer is A. Mylohyoid muscle.

The mylohyoid muscle or diaphragma oris is a paired muscle running from the mandible to the hyoid bone, forming the floor of the oral cavity of the mouth.

The mylohyoid muscle is flat and triangular, and is situated immediately superior to the anterior belly of the digastric muscle. It is a pharyngeal muscle (derived from the first pharyngeal arch) and classified as one of the suprahyoid muscles. Together, the paired mylohyoid muscles form a muscular floor for the oral cavity of the mouth.

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The action of digastric muscle is:

 # The action of digastric muscle is:

A. Depression of mandible

B. Protrusion of mandible

C. Side to side movement of the mandible

D. Depressing the floor of the mouth

The correct answer is A. Depression of mandible.

The digastric muscle is involved in any complex jaw action such as speaking, swallowing, chewing and breathing.

When the digastric muscle contracts, it acts to elevate the hyoid bone.

If the hyoid is being held in place (by the infrahyoid muscles), it will tend to depress the mandible (open the mouth).

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Nasopharynx is connected to:

 # Nasopharynx is connected to ______________ through pharyngotympanic tube.

A. Middle ear

B. Outer ear

C. Middle meatus

D. Semilunar canals

The correct answer is A. Middle ear.

The middle ear lies in the temporal bone, where the chain of three ear ossicles connect the tympanic membrane to the oval window. The middle ear cavity communicates with the nasopharynx via the eustachian tube, which allows air pressure to be equalized on both sides the tympanic membrane. 

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Nasal cavity receives blood supply from:

 # Nasal cavity receives blood supply from:

A. Facial artery

B. Maxillary artery

C. Ophthalmic artery

D. All of the above

The correct answer is D. All of the above

Nasal cavity receives blood supply from superior labial, a branch of facial artery; anterior posterior ethmoidal , a branch of ophthalmic artery; Sphenopalatine and greater palatine, a branch of maxillary artery. So, the correct answer is D. All of the above.

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