Dentosphere : World of Dentistry

Pioneer in the treatment of cleft palate

# Who among the following is named as the pioneer in the treatment of cleft palate and related problems?

A. Norman Kingsley

B. Edward H. Angle

C. Graber

D. Nance

The correct answer is A. Norman Kingsley.

Kingsley, was among the first to use extraoral force to correct protruding teeth. He was also a pioneer in the treatment of cleft palate and related problems.

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First Orthodontic Appliance was developed by:

# Who among the following developed the first orthodontic appliance?

A. Pierre Fauchard

B. Norman Kingsley

C. Emerson C. Angell

D. Edward H. Angle

The correct answer is A. Pierre Fauchard.

Orthodontics truly began developing in the 18th and 19th centuries. In 1728, French dentist Pierre Fauchard, who is often credited with inventing modern orthodontics, published a book entitled "The Surgeon Dentist" on methods of straightening teeth. Fauchard, in his practice, used a device called a "Bandeau", a horseshoe-shaped piece of iron that helped expand the palate. In 1754, another French dentist, Louis Bourdet, dentist to the King of France, followed Fauchard's book with The Dentist's Art, which also dedicated a chapter to tooth alignment and application. He perfected the "Bandeau" and was the first dentist on record to recommend extraction of the premolar teeth to alleviate crowding and to improve jaw growth.

Pierre Fauchard, 'Father of modern dentistry', as early as 1723, developed first orthodontic appliance.

Norman Kingsley, the first to use extraoral force on teeth. He is also considered to be the first person to use orthopedic force to correct protruding teeth.

Bunon- first to use the term 'orthopedic appliances'

Emerson C. Angell - founder of 'rapid maxillary expansion'

William E. Magill - First person to band teeth for active tooth movement.

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Jackson's Triad in Orthodontics

# Which of the following is a component of Jackson’s triad?

A. Functional efficiency

B. Structural balance

C. Aesthetic harmony

D. All of the above

The correct answer is D. All of the above.

The aims and objectives of orthodontic treatment have been summarized by Jackson as the 'Jackson's triad'. The three main objectives of orthodontic treatment are:

- Functional efficiency

- Structural balance

- Aesthetic harmony

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# The term ‘Orthodontics’ was coined by:

A. Le Foulon

B. Hunter

C. Carabelli

D. Norman Kingsley

The correct answer is A. Le Foulon.

The term orthodontics was apparently used first by the Frenchman Le Foulon in 1839.

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The occipital condyle is represented by the following cephalometric point:

# The occipital condyle is represented by the following cephalometric point:

A. Bolton’s point

B. Broadbent registration point

C. Basion

D. Articulare

The correct answer is A. Bolton's point.

Bolton's point: The highest point at the post-condylar notch of occipital bone

Few other cephalometric landmarks are:

1. Glabella: It is the most prominent point on the forehead in the mid-sagittal plane.

2. Nasion: The most anterior point midway between the frontal and nasal bone on the frontonasal suture.

3. Orbitale: The lowest point on the inferior bony margin of the orbit.

4. Porion: The highest bony point on the upper margin of external auditory meatus.

5. Sella: This point represents the mid point of the pituitary fossa or sella-turcica.

6. Basion: It is median point of the anterior margin of the foramen magnum

7. Anterior nasal spine: It is the anterior tip of the sharp bony process of the maxilla in the midline of the lower margin of anterior nasal spine.

8. Point A: It is a deepest point in the midline between the anterior nasal spine and alveolar crest between the two central incisors. It is also called as " subspinale".

9. Prosthion: The lowest and the most anterior point on the alveolar bone in the midline between the upper central incisors. It is also called as " supradentale".

10. The key ridge: The lower most point on the contour of anterior wall of the infra-temporal fossa.

11. Posterior nasal spine: The intersection of a continuation of the the anterior wall of the pterygopalatine fossa and the floor of the nose, marking the distal limit of the maxilla.

12. Broadbent registration point: It is the midpoint of the perpendicular from the centre of the sella turcica to the Bolton point.

13 PTM point: It is the intersection of the inferior border of foramen rotundum with posterior wall of the pterygo maxillary fissure.

14. Chelion: It is the lateral terminus of the oral slit on the slit on the outer corner of the mouth.

15. Subnasal: The point where the lowest border of the nose meets the outer contour of the upper lip.

16. Point B: It is the deepest point in the midline between the alveolar crest of mandible and the mental process. Also called as " submentale".

17. Gonion: It is a constructed point at the junction of ramal plane and the mandibular plane.

18. Pogonion: It is the most anterior point of the bony chin in the median plane.

19. Menton: It is the most inferior midline point on the mandibular symphysis.

20. Gnathion: It is the most antero-inferior point on the symphysis of the chin. It is constructed on the symphysis of the chin, by intersecting a line drawn perpendicular to the line connecting menton and pogonion.

21. Articulare: It is a point at the junction of the posterior border of ramus and the inferior border of the basilar part of the occipital bone.

22. Condylion: The most superior point on the head of the condyles.

23. Infradentale: The highest and the most anterior point on the alveolar process, in the median plane between the mandibular incisors.

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