Attachment loss and probing depth

 # A patient has a 5 mm probing depth on the distal of their maxillary second premolar, 2 mm of recession was also charted in that area. What is the attachment loss in that area?

A. 7 mm

B. 10 mm

C. 5 mm

D. 3 mm

The correct answer is A. 7 mm.

Periodontal health is assessed by determining how much attachment a tooth has lost. A healthy periodontium demonstrates a sulcular depth of 1-3 mm.

Recession is the distance from the CEJ to the marginal gingiva.

Probing depth is the distance betweeen the marginal gingiva and the floor of sulcus. 

Loss of attachment is measured as the distance of CEJ from the sulcular depth. 

So, Loss of Attachment (LOA) = Recession+Probing depth

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A mature dental plaque is formed after:

 # How many hours after mechanical debridement with a toothbrush is a mature dental plaque found?

A. 24-48 hours

B. 3-5 hours

C. 6-10 hours

D. 12-24 hours

E. 1-2 hours

The correct answer is A. 24-48 hours.

Mature dental plaque is usually formed on the teeth within 24-48 hours after plaque removal.

The bacterial biofilm first attach to the tooth via a pellicle, consisting of glycoproteins.

The first bacteria to attach to the pellicle glycoproteins are gram positive aerobic cocci such as Streptococcus sanguinis. 

After 24 hours, anaerobic gram negative cocci, rods, and filaments begin to colonize the plaque. 

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Artery supplying the buccal flap in an oroantral communication associated with maxillary third molar

 # A buccal flap used to cover an oroantral communication associated with maxillary third molar would receive nourishment from which of the following arteries?

A. Posterior superior alveolar

B. Nasopalatine

C. Greater palatine

D. Facial

The correct answer is A. Posterior superior alveolar.

The buccal flap will receive its nourishment from the blood vessel that supplies the maxillary third molar, which is the posterior superior alveolar artery.

Posterior superior alveolar artery is the blood vessel that provides blood supply to the lining of maxillary sinus, the alveolar bone, the molars and premolars of the maxilla and the gingiva.

Facial artery branches out and supplies blood to several parts of the face which includes the lips, portions of the nose, submental area and some portions of the tonsils.

Nasopalatine artery (sphenopalatine artery) branches off to the walls of nasal septum.

Greater palatine artery gives off blood supply to the nasal septum and the hard palate.

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Classification of Malocclusion

# In Angle's classification for malocclusion, the key tooth is:
A. Mesiobuccal cusp of permanent maxillary forst molar
B. Distobuccal cusp of permanent maxillary first molar
C. Mesiobuccal cusp of permanent maxillary second molar
D. Mesiobuccal cusp of permanent mandibular first molar

# Andrew's 5th Key of occlusion is:
A. Curve of Spee
B. Rotation absent
C. Tight contact
D. Bolton's ratio

# Zygoma or Key ridge corresponds to:
A. Mesiobuccal root of upper first molar
B. Mesiobuccal root of upper second molar
C. Distobuccal cusp of upper first molar
D. Distobuccal cusp of second molar

  

# Angles line of occlusion are seen in which plane?
A. Sagittal
B. Vertical
C. Transverse
D. Transverse and vertical

# When Angle's classification system is used then displacement occurs in which direction?
A. Vertical
B. Transverse
C. Sagittal
D. Sagittal and transverse

# The following features are noted in a patient. The mesiobuccal cusp of right upper first molar is aligning in the mesiobuccal groove of right lower first molar. The distobuccal cusp of left upper first molar is aligning in the mesiobuccal groove of left lower first molar. The upper incisors are retroclined. You would like to classify it as:
A. Angle's class I div I subdivision
B. Angle's class II div I subdivision
C. Angle's class II div II subdivision
D. Angle's class III div I subdivision

# A patient is having edge to edge or end on relation of first molar in permanent dentition with retroclination of incisors. The malocclusion according to Angle's classification is:
A. Class I
B. Class II Div I
C. Class II Div II
D. Class III

# Anterior crossbites according to Dewey are classified in Angle's class I as:
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV

# Who has classified malocclusion based on etiology?
A. Angle
B. Lischer
C. Benett
D. Dewey

# Classification for skeletal malocclusion was given by:
A. Kartz
B. Salzman
C. Angle
D. Kingsley

# Transposition of teeth refers to:
A. Buccorotation of 120 degrees
B. Hypodontia
C. Teeth erupted in unusual position
D. Inverted supernumerary teeth

# Transposition of teeth is most commonly seen in the region of:
A. Maxillary central and lateral incisors
B. Mandibular canine and first premolar
C. Maxillary lateral incisor, canine and premolar
D. Mandibular first and second premolars

# The term torsiversion refers to the:
A. Impaction of the maxillary canines
B. Interchange of position of teeth
C. Rotation of teeth in their long axis
D. None of the above

# Postnormal occlusion is:
A. Class I with anterior crowding
B. Class II malocclusion
C. Class III malocclusion
D. Bimaxillary protrusion

# If the tooth has not erupted to the line of occlusion, it is called:
A. Supraversion
B. Torsiversion
C. Rotated
D. Infraversion

# The skeletal classification of malocclusion is given by:
A. Calvin Case
B. Martin Dewey
C. Paul Simon
D. Edward H. Angle

# If maxillary canines are placed forward to orbital plane, they are said to be in:
A. Protraction
B. Retraction
C. Abstraction
D. Contraction

# Which of the following system of classification gives a complete picture of malocclusion in a patient?
A. Simon
B. Ackerman
C. Dewey
D. Angle

# In Ackerman-Profitt classification, outer envelope represents:
A. Alignment
B. Profile
C. Transverse relation
D. Vertical relation

# In classifying molar relation in patient with premature loss of molar, additional relation to be noted is:
A. Incisor relation
B. Canine relation
C. Midline relation
D. Premolar relation

# Canine class I relation is:
A. Distal inclines of lower cuspid contact with mesial inclines of upper cuspid
B. Distal inclines of lower cuspid in line with distal inclines of upper cuspid
C. Mesial inclines of lower cuspid in contact with distal inclines of upper cuspid
D. Mesial inclines of lower cuspid in line with mesial inclines of upper cuspid

# Katz classification is based on:
A. Incisor
B. Canine
C. Premolar
D. Molar

# A bimax protrusion is:
A. Splitting and protrusion of maxilla into two halves
B. Forward placed upper and lower dental arches on normal skeletal bases
C. Forward placed upper dental arch and skeletal base
D. Forward placed lower dental arch and skeletal base

# The term surtrusion refers to the:
A. Backward movement of the condyle
B. Downward movement of the centric position
C. Lateral movement away from the midline
D. Upward movement of the working condyle as it moves away

Pioneer in the treatment of cleft palate

# Who among the following is named as the pioneer in the treatment of cleft palate and related problems?

A. Norman Kingsley

B. Edward H. Angle

C. Graber

D. Nance

The correct answer is A. Norman Kingsley.

Kingsley, was among the first to use extraoral force to correct protruding teeth. He was also a pioneer in the treatment of cleft palate and related problems. 

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First Orthodontic Appliance was developed by:

 # Who among the following developed the first orthodontic appliance?

A. Pierre Fauchard

B. Norman Kingsley

C. Emerson C. Angell

D. Edward H. Angle

The correct answer is A. Pierre Fauchard.

Orthodontics truly began developing in the 18th and 19th centuries. In 1728, French dentist Pierre Fauchard, who is often credited with inventing modern orthodontics, published a book entitled "The Surgeon Dentist" on methods of straightening teeth. Fauchard, in his practice, used a device called a "Bandeau", a horseshoe-shaped piece of iron that helped expand the palate. In 1754, another French dentist, Louis Bourdet, dentist to the King of France, followed Fauchard's book with The Dentist's Art, which also dedicated a chapter to tooth alignment and application. He perfected the "Bandeau" and was the first dentist on record to recommend extraction of the premolar teeth to alleviate crowding and to improve jaw growth.

Pierre Fauchard, 'Father of modern dentistry', as early as 1723, developed first orthodontic appliance.

Norman Kingsley, the first to use extraoral force on teeth. He is also considered to be the first person to use orthopedic force to correct protruding teeth.

Bunon- first to use the term 'orthopedic appliances'

Emerson C. Angell - founder of 'rapid maxillary expansion'

William E. Magill - First person to band teeth for active tooth movement. 

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Jackson's Triad in Orthodontics

 # Which of the following is a component of Jackson’s triad?

A. Functional efficiency

B. Structural balance

C. Aesthetic harmony

D. All of the above

The correct answer is D. All of the above.

The aims and objectives of orthodontic treatment have been summarized by Jackson as the 'Jackson's triad'. The three main objectives of orthodontic treatment are:

- Functional efficiency

- Structural balance

- Aesthetic harmony

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