All are risk factors EXCEPT:

 # All are risk factors EXCEPT:

A. Tobacco smoking

B. Microbial tooth deposit

C. Diabetes

D. Bleeding on probing

The correct answer is D. Bleeding on Probing.

Categories of Risk Elements for Periodontal Disease

Risk Factors

Tobacco smoking

Diabetes

Pathogenic bacteria

Microbial tooth deposits

Risk Determinants/Background Characteristics

Genetic factors

Age

Gender

Socioeconomic status

Stress

Risk Indicators

HIV/AIDS

Osteoporosis

Infrequent dental visits

Risk Markers/Predictors

Previous history of periodontal disease

Bleeding on probing

Ref: Carranza's Clinical Periodontology, 12th Edition, page 392

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Pain on swallowing or turning the head

 # The pain on swallowing or turning the head associated with elongated styloid process is known as:

A. Tic douloureux

B. Gorham syndrome

C. Costen syndrome

D. Eagle’s syndrome

The correct answer is D. Eagle's syndrome.

Eagle’s syndrome. This syndrome consists of either elongation of the styloid process or ossification of the stylohyoid ligament causing dysphagia, sore throat, otalgia, glossodynia, headache, vague orofacial pain or pain along the distribution of the internal and external carotid arteries. Probably the most consistent symptom is pharyngeal pain. It is common for the difficulty to arise following tonsillectomy, presumably from fibrous tissue that forms and is stretched and rubbed over the elongated styloid process.

Ref: Shafer's Textbook of Oral pathology, 7th Edition, Page no. 862

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Which of the following is also known as trench mouth?

 # Which of the following is also known as trench mouth?

A. Noma

B. ANUG

C. Herpes gingivostomatitis

D. Herpes zoster

The correct answer is B. ANUG

Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis frequently occurs in an epidemic pattern, sweeping through groups of

persons in close contact, especially those living under similar conditions. This was especially apparent during World War I, when the Allied troops suffered severely from the disease. It was here that the term ‘trench mouth’ originated, since the disease was especially prevalent among the troops in the trenches. Similar sporadic outbreaks also occurred during World War II.

Ref: Shafer's Textbook of Oral Pathology, 7th Edition, Page No. 396

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Cheilitis granulomatosa, facial paralysis and scrotal tongue is seen in:

 # Cheilitis granulomatosa, facial paralysis and scrotal tongue is seen in:

A. Miescher syndrome

B. Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome

C. Apert syndrome

D. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

The correct answer is B. Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome.

Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome is a rare condition consisting of a triad of persistent or recurring lip or facial swelling, intermittent seventh (facial) nerve paralysis (Bell’s palsy), and a fissured tongue.

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Farmer’s lip is also known as:

 # Farmer’s lip is also known as:

A. Actinic cheilitis

B. Cheilitis granularis

C. Oral submucous fibrosis

D. Noma

Actinic cheilitis, sometimes known as "farmer's lip" or "sailor's lip," is a precancerous condition related to cumulative lifetime sun exposure. The lower lip is most often affected. Individuals with actinic cheilitis often complain of persistent dryness and cracking of the lips.

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Dry socket commonly occurs after:

 # Dry socket commonly occurs after:

A. 24 hours

B. 2 days

C. 3-4 days

D. 10-15 days

The correct answer is: C. 3-4 days.

Dry socket or alveolar osteitis is delayed healing but is not associated with an infection. This postoperative complication causes moderate to severe pain but is without the usual signs and symptoms of infection such as fever, swelling, and erythema. The term dry socket describes the appearance of the tooth extraction socket when the pain begins. In the usual clinical course, pain develops on the third or fourth day after removal of the tooth. Almost all dry sockets occur after the removal of lower molars.

The occurrence of a dry socket after a routine tooth extraction is rare (2% of extractions), but it is frequent after the removal of impacted mandibular third molars and other lower molars (20% of extractions in some series).

The treatment of alveolar osteitis is dictated by the single therapeutic goal of relieving the patient’s pain during the period of healing. If the patient receives no treatment, no sequela other than continued pain exists (treatment does not hasten healing).

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The recurrent ranula is best treated by:

 # The recurrent ranula is best treated by:

A. Electrosurgery

B. Cryosurgery

C. Marsupialization

D. Sublingual gland excision

The correct answer is D. Sublingual gland excision.

The usual treatment of a ranula is marsupialization, in which a portion of the oral mucosa of the floor of the mouth is excised, along with the superior wall of the ranula. Subsequently, the ranula wall is sutured to the oral mucosa of the floor of the mouth and allowed to heal by secondary intention with cicatrix formation and a decreased likelihood of recurrence. The preferred treatment for recurrent or persistent ranulas is excision of the ranula as well as the sublingual gland via an intraoral approach to the anterior floor of mouth; several recent studies have indicated that this might be appropriate for initial therapy since the recurrence rate with marsupialization may be unacceptably high. 

Hupp, 6th Edition page 410

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