# Orthodontic correction of which of the following is most easily retained?
A. Anterior crossbite
B. Spacing
C. Diastema
D. Crowding
The correct answer is A. Anterior Crossbite.
Earliest radiographic sign of osteomyelitis
# The earliest radiographic sign of osteomyelitis is:
A. Solitary or multiple small radiolucent areas
B. Increased granular radiopacity
C. Blurring of trabecular outlines
D. Formation of sequestrum appearing as radiopaque patches
Radiographic Features
Radiodensity—about 10 days after acute infection, the density of trabeculae will be decreased, with blurred and fuzzy. For the radiographs to reveal any changes, there must be a loss of from 30 to 60% in the calcium content.
Trabecular pattern—the earliest radiographic change is that trabeculae in the involved area are thin, of poor density and slightly unsharp or blurred. The trabeculae soon lose their continuity as well as the little density present. Individual trabeculae become fuzzy and indistinct.
Ref: Textbook of Oral Medicine, 2nd Edition, Anil Govindrao Ghom
Treatment of Fordyce's granule
# If one of your patient is having Fordyce’s granules in his buccal mucosa, what will be your line of treatment?
A. Excision
B. No treatment needed
C. Topical application of steroids
D. Surgery followed by radiotherapy
The correct answer is B. No treatment needed.
Ref: Shafer's Textbook of Oral Pathology, page no. 25. These glands are innocuous, have no clinical or functional significance, and require no treatment. However, very rarely a benign sebaceous gland adenoma may develop from these intraoral structures.
Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia affects:
# A known case of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is brought to hospital for treatment. Which area of the body do you find mostly affected in this case?
A. Spleen
B. Skin or ectoderm
C. Kidney
D. Thyroid gland
The correct answer is B. Skin or Ectoderm.
The most commonly occurring ectodermal dysplasia is called as ‘hereditary hypohidrotic
(anhidrotic) ectodermal dysplasia’. This shows X-linked inheritance.
Sex—males are affected more frequently than females.
Appearance—it is characterized by hypotrichosis, hypohydrosis and anhidrosis with saddle nose appearance.
Hairs—the hair of scalp and eyebrows tend to be fine, scanty and blond.
Frontal bosses- supraorbital and frontal bosses are pronounced.
Heat intolerance—skin is often dry, soft, smooth and scaly with partial or complete absence of sweat glands. Such patient cannot perspire and they usually suffer from hyperpyrexia and inability to endure warm temperature.
Sibling appearance—facial appearance of these individual resemble to each other, enough to be mistaken for siblings.
Nikolsky’s sign is a feature of:
# Nikolsky’s sign is a feature of:
A. Lichen planus
B. Pemphigus
C. Herpes simplex
D. Lupus erythematosus
The correct answer is B. Pemphigus.
Nikolsky’s sign: It was named after Pytor Vasilyenich Nikolsky who was the first to describe this finding. On applying gentle mechanical pressure (e.g. blowing air or applying pressure with a mirror handle) on affected tissue will result in the formation of a lesion. Nikolsky’s sign is seen both in the skin and oral mucosa. It is seen in pemphigus, paraneoplastic pemphigus, mucous membrane pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa, linear IgA bullous disease, lupus erythematosus, graft-versus-host disease and toxic epidermal necrolysis.
Ref: Textbook of Oral Medicine, Oral Diagnosis and Oral Radiology,Ongole and Praveen, 2nd Edition, Page no. 235
All are risk factors EXCEPT:
# All are risk factors EXCEPT:
A. Tobacco smoking
B. Microbial tooth deposit
C. Diabetes
D. Bleeding on probing
The correct answer is D. Bleeding on Probing.
Categories of Risk Elements for Periodontal Disease
Risk Factors
Tobacco smoking
Diabetes
Pathogenic bacteria
Microbial tooth deposits
Risk Determinants/Background Characteristics
Genetic factors
Age
Gender
Socioeconomic status
Stress
Risk Indicators
HIV/AIDS
Osteoporosis
Infrequent dental visits
Risk Markers/Predictors
Previous history of periodontal disease
Bleeding on probing
Ref: Carranza's Clinical Periodontology, 12th Edition, page 392
Pain on swallowing or turning the head
# The pain on swallowing or turning the head associated with elongated styloid process is known as:
A. Tic douloureux
B. Gorham syndrome
C. Costen syndrome
D. Eagle’s syndrome
The correct answer is D. Eagle's syndrome.
Eagle’s syndrome. This syndrome consists of either elongation of the styloid process or ossification of the stylohyoid ligament causing dysphagia, sore throat, otalgia, glossodynia, headache, vague orofacial pain or pain along the distribution of the internal and external carotid arteries. Probably the most consistent symptom is pharyngeal pain. It is common for the difficulty to arise following tonsillectomy, presumably from fibrous tissue that forms and is stretched and rubbed over the elongated styloid process.
Ref: Shafer's Textbook of Oral pathology, 7th Edition, Page no. 862
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