Major risk factor for venous thrombosis:

 Which of the following is a major risk factor for venous thrombosis?

a. Smoking

b. High cholesterol

c. Hypertension

d. Diabetes mellitus

e. Cancer

The correct answer is E. Cancer.

Venous thrombosis, including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, occurs at an annual incidence of about 1 per 1000 adults. Rates increase sharply after around age 45 years, and are slightly higher in men than women in older age. Major risk factors for thrombosis, other than age, include exogenous factors such as surgery, hospitalization, immobility, trauma, pregnancy and the puerperium and hormone use, and endogenous factors such as cancer, obesity, and inherited and acquired disorders of hypercoagulation. 

Ref: Cushman M. Epidemiology and risk factors for venous thrombosis. Semin Hematol. 2007;44(2):62-69. doi:10.1053/j.seminhematol.2007.02.004

CLICK HERE FOR MORE MCQs 

Commonest inherited cause of thrombosis

# Commonest inherited cause of thrombosis in Caucasians is:

a. Protein S deficiency

b. Factor V leiden mutation

c. Anti thrombin III deficiency

d. Protein C deficiency

The correct answer is B. Factor V Leiden mutation.

Factor V Leiden (G1691A or arg 506 glu substitution) and prothrombin (G 20210 A) are rare in African and orientals but they have prevalence in whites, highest prevalence of heterozygotes (11–14%) is reported in Sweden and Arabs.

CLICK HERE FOR MORE MCQs

# Which of the following is the strongest activator of platelet?

 # Which of the following is the strongest activator of platelet? 

a. Thrombin 

b. Serotonin 

c. Thromboxane A2 

d. Epinephrine

The correct answer is: A. Thrombin.

Strong activator: Thrombin Collagen ADP, Shear

Weak: Epinephrine Thromboxane A2/Prostoglandin H2 Serotonin Platelet activating factor Vasopressin Thrombospondin-1 Thrombolytic agent

CLICK HERE FOR MORE MCQs

Most common cause of thrombocytopenia in children is:

# Most common cause of thrombocytopenia in children is:

a. Aplastic anemia 

b. ITP

c. TTP 

d. Drug induced

The correct answer is B. ITP.

ITP is the most common cause of acquired severe thrombocytopenia and 50% of ITP cases are children, i.e. < 10 years of age. 

CLICK HERE FOR MORE MCQs

One unit of random donor platelet ideally increases the platelet count in an adult by:

 # One unit of random donor platelet ideally increases the platelet count in an adult by: 

a. 5000 

b. 10000 

c. 15000 

d. 20000

The correct answer is: a. 5000.

The increment in platelet count depends on many factors but if all other factors are absent then 1 unit of whole blood derived random platelet increases the platelet count by 5,000/mm3 per square metre. So in a person of BSA 2 m2. It should raise by 10000/mm3 and of 1.5 m2 by 7500/mm3 respectively. 

CLICK HERE FOR MORE MCQs

Which of the following can be given safely in pregnancy?

 # Which of the following can be given safely in pregnancy? 

a. Imatinib 

b. Heparin 

c. Warfarin 

d. Thalidomide

The correct answer is B. Heparin.

Human Teratogenic Drugs - Drugs causing human birth defect

Thalidomide – Phocomelia, multiple defects

All anticancer drugs – Multiple defects, fetal death

Androgens – Virilization, limb, esophageal, cardiac defects

Progestins – Virilization of female fetus

Tetracycline – Discolored and deformed teeth, retarded bone growth

Warfarin – Nose, eye and hand defects, growth retardation

Phenytion – Hypoplastic phalanges, cleft lip/palate microcephaly

Phenobarbitone – Various malformations

Chlorpromazine – Neural tube defects

Valproate sodium – Spina bifida and other normal tube defects

Lithium – Fetal goitre, cardiac and other abnormalities

Isotretinoin – Craniofacial, heart and CVS defects

Imatinib – Multiple defects exomphalos, kidney abnormalities

CLICK HERE FOR MORE MCQs 

Internal resorption that has not totally perforated the root surface is best managed by which of the following:

 # Internal resorption that has not totally perforated the root surface is best managed by which of the following?

A. Surgical curettage

B. Root canal treatment

C. Periodic recall and evaluation

D. Incision and drainage

E. Cveck’s Pulpotomy

The correct answer is B. Root canal treatment.

Root canal therapy is indicated for cases involving internal resorption where the root surface is not perforated by the defect.

Internal resorption may occur either in the pulp chamber or the root canal of the tooth and is most commonly caused by trauma and infection.

Infection or trauma results in an inflammatory response within the pulp resulting in abnormal vascularization and production of multinuclear odontoclasts, which initiate the process of resorption.

Root canal treatment is performed in cases of internal resorption where the root surface is not completely perforated. After filling the root canals and resorption defect, follow up radiographs are made after one year to determine if healing has occurred and the resorptive process is halted.

CLICK HERE FOR MORE MCQs