A patient with mitral valve replacement will require which of the following preoperatively

# A patient with mitral valve replacement  will require which of the following preoperatively?

A. Benzathine Penicillin

B. Tetracycline

C. Procaine penicillin

D. Vibramycin

 

The correct answer is A. Benzathine Penicillin.

Benzathine and procaine penicillins are formulated to delay absorption, resulting in prolonged blood and tissue concentrations. A single intramuscular injection of 1.2 million units of benzathine penicillin maintains serum levels above 0.02 mcg/mL for 10 days, sufficient to treat β-hemolytic streptococcal infection. After 3 weeks, levels still exceed 0.003 mcg/mL, which is enough to prevent β-hemolytic streptococcal infection. A 600,000 unit dose of procaine penicillin yields peak concentrations of 1–2 mcg/mL and clinically useful concentrations for 12–24 hours after a single intramuscular injection.

Reference: Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 13th Edition, Katzung, Page 773

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Petechial hemorrhage is characteristic of which of the following condition

 # Petechial hemorrhage is characteristic of which of the following condition?

A. Agranulocytosis

B. Neutropenia

 C. Pernicious anemia

 D. Thrombocytopenic purpura

The correct answer is D. Thrombocytopenic purpura.

Petechial purpura is minor bleeding into the dermis that is flat and non-blanching. Petechiae are typically found in patients with thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction. Palpable purpura occurs in vasculitis. Ecchymosis, or bruising, is more extensive bleeding into deeper layers of the skin. The

lesions are initially dark red or purple but become yellow as haemoglobin is degraded.

Reference: Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine, 22nd Edition, Page No. 1007

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Bacteria found in gingivitis are localized in:

 # Bacteria found in gingivitis are localized in:

A. Connective tissue fibres

B. Gingival Sulcus

C. Alveolar bone

D. Periodontal ligament

The correct answer is B. Gingival sulcus.

The pathologic changes of gingivitis are associated with the presence of oral microorganisms attached to the tooth and perhaps in or near the gingival sulcus.

Reference: Carranza's Clinical Periodontology, 12th Edition, Page no: 219

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Histological examination of the tissues in desquamative gingivitis reveals:

 # Histological examination of the tissues in desquamative gingivitis reveals:

A. Hyperkeratosis

B. Elongation of the rete pegs

C. Aggregations of giant cells

D. Local loss of the basement membrane

The correct answer is D. Local Loss of Basement Membrane.

Desquamative gingivits is histologically related to loss of basement membrane.

Reference: Carranza's Clinical Periodontology, 12th Edition, Page no: 263

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One of the earlier signs of cavernous sinus thrombosis is due to deficit in the function of:

# One of the earlier signs of cavernous sinus thrombosis is due to deficit in the function of:

A. Trochlear nerve

B. Abducens nerve

C. Oculomotor nerve

D. Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve

The correct answer is B. Abducens nerve.

Because the abducens nerve (cranial nerve VI) is usually the first nerve to become involved due to its location in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus, an early sign may be an internal strabismus.

Ref: ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL PATHOLOGY, A Rationale for Diagnosis and Treatment, Second Edition Page no 77

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Exfoliative cytology is mainly used in the definitive diagnosis of the:

 # Exfoliative cytology is mainly used in the definitive diagnosis of the:

A. Oral cancer

B. Fungal infection

C. Vesiculobullous diseases

D. Viral infection

The correct answer is C. Vesiculobullous diseases.

It has been recognized that the exfoliative oral cytologic smear is also of value in the diagnosis of diseases other than carcinoma, particularly diseases which are characterized by the presence of certain specific cells. Thus, cytologic smears have been useful in the diagnosis of lesions of herpes simplex infection, herpes zoster, pemphigus vulgaris, benign familial pemphigus, keratosis follicularis, hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis, white sponge nevus, and pernicious and sickle cell anemia.

Reference: Shafer’s Textbook of ORAL PATHOLOGY, 7th Edition, Page No: 597

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The prognosis of epidermoid carcinoma is least favorable

 # Of the following locations, the one in which the prognosis of epidermoid carcinoma is least favorable is:

A. Lower lip

B. Hard palate

C. Buccal mucosa

D. Posterior lateral border of tongue

The correct answer is D. Posterior lateral border of tongue.

The epidermoid carcinoma/ squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity. Although it may occur at any intraoral site, certain sites are more frequently involved than

others. Because of the differences in clinical appearance, the nature of the lesion and particularly the prognosis, it is well to describe the tumors individually, as they may arise in these various areas.

Of the areas of the oral cavity, the mortality rate is lowest for lip cancer (0.04 per 100,000) and highest for the tongue (0.7 per 100,000).

Reference: Shafer’s Textbook of ORAL PATHOLOGY, 7th Edition, Page No: 103

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