The word dilaceration means:

 # We understand one of the following by the word dilaceration?

Calcified root canals

Curvature of the root tip

Dysplasia of dentin

Cemental union of root

The correct answer is B. Curvature of the root tip.

The term ‘dilaceration’ refers to an angulation, or a sharp bend or curve, in the root or crown of a formed tooth. The condition is thought to be due to trauma during the period in which the tooth is forming, with the result that the position of the calcified portion of the tooth is changed and the remainder of the tooth is formed at an angle. The curve or bend may occur anywhere along the length of the tooth, sometimes at the cervical portion, at other times midway along the root or even just at the apex of the root, depending upon the amount of root formed when the injury occurred.

Reference: Shafer’s Textbook of ORAL PATHOLOGY, 7th Edition, Page No: 41

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Macroglossia may be seen in:

 # Macroglossia may be seen in:

A. Prader willi syndrome

B. Down syndrome

C. Beckwith Weidemann syndrome

D. Grebe syndrome

The correct answer is C. Beckwith Weidemann syndrome.

Although the exact incidence of macroglossia is unknown (because the etiologies are too numerous to quantify), some congenital syndromes often express macroglossia in their phenotypes, most commonly Down syndrome (1 per 700 live births) and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (0.07 per 1,000 live births). In Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, 97.5% of patients have macroglossia.

Reference: Shafer’s Textbook of ORAL PATHOLOGY, 7th Edition, Page No: 27

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Cytologic smears and the findings of characteristic multinucleated giant cells (Tzanck test) are helpful in the diagnosis of:

 # Cytologic smears and the findings of characteristic multinucleated giant cells (Tzanck test) are helpful in the diagnosis of:

A. Chicken pox

B. Mumps

C. Psoriasis

D. Herpes Zoster

The correct answer is D. Herpes Zoster.

Herpes zoster can frequently be recognized by the characteristic distribution of the lesions, although there may be a similarity to the lesions of herpes simplex infection. Skin lesions and oral lesions in particular may be easily identified as viral diseases by cytologic smears and the finding of characteristic multinucleated giant cells (Tzanck test) and intranuclear inclusions. However, this does not differentiate between herpes zoster and herpes simplex. This can only be done by fluorescent antibody staining techniques, viral culture or serologic diagnosis.

Reference: Shafer’s Textbook of ORAL PATHOLOGY, 7th Edition, Page No: 351

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Which of the following compulsorily involves two teeth?

 # Which of the following compulsorily involves two teeth?

A. Dilaceration

B. Gemination

C. Taurodontism

D. Concrescence

The correct answer is D. Concrescence.

Concrescence of teeth is actually a form of fusion which occurs after root formation has been completed. In this condition, teeth are united by cementum only. It is thought to arise as a result of traumatic injury or crowding of teeth with resorption of the interdental bone so that the two roots are in approximate contact and become fused by the deposition of cementum between them. Concrescence may occur before or after the teeth have erupted, and although it usually involves only two teeth, there is at least one case on record of union of three teeth by cementum.

Reference: Shafer’s Textbook of ORAL PATHOLOGY, 7th Edition, Page No: 41

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The most frequent sequelae of gingivitis is:

 # The most frequent sequelae of gingivitis is:

A. Gingivosis

B. Periodontosis

C. Periodontitis

D. Gingival atrophy

The correct answer is C. Periodontitis.

Studies of gingivitis support the conclusion that disease development is associated with selected alterations in the microbial composition of dental plaque and not just the result of an accumulation of plaque. Gingivitis was generally thought to precede the development of chronic periodontitis; however, many individuals demonstrate long-standing gingivitis that never advances to the destruction of the periodontal attachment.

Reference: Carranza's Clinical Periodontology, 12th Edition, Page no: 163

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What is usually done with an ‘eruptive cyst’ in the area of the second molar in a two year old child?

 # What is usually done with an ‘eruptive cyst’ in the area of the second molar in a two year old child?

A. Observe

B. Incise and drain

C. Excise

D. Fenestrate

The correct answer is A. Observe.

No treatment is necessary as the eruption cyst often ruptures spontaneously. Surgically exposing the crown of the tooth may aid the eruption process.

Reference: Shafer’s Textbook of ORAL PATHOLOGY, 7th Edition, Page No: 263

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Median rhomboid glossitis is due to:

 # Median rhomboid glossitis is due to:

A. Persistence of tuberculum impar

B. Inflammation of the tongue

C. Hypertrophy of filiform papilla

D. Atrophy of circumvallate Papillae

The correct answer is A. Persistence of tuberculum impar.

Embryologically the tongue is formed by two lateral processes (lingual tubercles) meeting in the midline and fusing above a central structure from the first and second branchial arches, the tuberculum impar. The posterior dorsal point of fusion is occasionally defective, leaving a rhomboid-shaped, smooth erythematous mucosa lacking in papillae or taste buds. This median rhomboid glossitis (central papillary atrophy, posterior lingual papillary atrophy) is a focal area of susceptibility to recurring or chronic atrophic candidiasis, prompting a recent shift towards the use of posterior midline atrophic candidiasis as a more appropriate diagnostic term.

Reference: Shafer’s Textbook of ORAL PATHOLOGY, 7th Edition, Page No: 30

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