Dentosphere : World of Dentistry

 Candidiasis is a disease caused by infection with a yeast like fungus, Candida albicans, although other species may also be involved, such as C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. stellatoidea, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. pseutropicalis and C. guilliermondii. Candidiasis is the most common opportunistic infection in the world. Its occurrence has surged since the prevalent use of antibiotics, which destroy the normal inhibitory bacterial flora, and immunosuppressive drugs, particularly corticosteroids and cytotoxic drugs. Oral candidiasis or oral thrush usually remain as a localized disease, but on occasion it may show extension to the pharynx or even to the lungs.  Some specific conditions that may predispose a patient to develop oral candidiasis are: ❍ Factors that alter the immune status of the host ❍ Diabetes mellitus ❍ Corticosteroid therapy/hypoadrenalism ❍ Blood dyscrasias or advanced malignancy ❍ Old age/infancy ❍ Radiation therapy/chemotherapy ❍ HIV infection or other imm...

 # Areas anesthetized by the intraoral inferior alveolar nerve block include: A. The body of the mandible B. The inferior portion of the ramus C. Mandibular teeth D. All of the above The correct answer is D. All of the above. Areas Anesthetized by Inferior alveolar nerve block 1. Mandibular teeth to the midline 2. Body of the mandible, inferior portion of the ramus 3. Buccal mucoperiosteum, mucous membrane anterior to the mental foramen (mental nerve) 4. Anterior two thirds of the tongue and floor of the oral cavity (lingual nerve) 5. Lingual soft tissues and periosteum (lingual nerve) Ref: Handbook of Local Anesthesia, Malamed, 6th Edition, Page 227 CLICK HERE FOR MORE MCQs

 # For a successful intraoral palatal second divisions nerve block anesthesia, the needle should enter the: A. Incisive canal B. Infraalveolar foramen C. Greater palatine foramen D. Stylomastoid foramen The correct answer is C. Greater palatine foramen. Area of insertion: palatal soft tissue directly over the greater palatine foramen Target area: the maxillary nerve as it passes through the pterygopalatine fossa; the needle passes through the greater palatine canal to reach the pterygopalatine fossa Ref: Handbook of Local anesthesia, Malamed, 6th Edition Page 220 CLICK HERE FOR MORE MCQs  

 # The first line of treatment in a patient with syncope due to local anesthesia is administration of: A. Oxygen B. Respiratory stimulant C. Adrenaline D. Diazepam The correct answer is A. Oxygen. Definitive care after syncopal attack: -Administer O2 - Monitor vital signs - Perform additional procedures: Administer aromatic ammonia vaporole; Administer “sugar” (e.g., orange juice, non-diet soft drink) - Administer atropine if bradycardia persists - Do not panic! Reference: Medical Emergencies in the Dental Office, Malamed, 7th edition Page no: 151 CLICK HERE FOR MORE MCQs

 # What is the fate of nitrous oxide when administered for relative analgesia? A. Excreted by kidney B. Detoxified in liver C. Exhaled by lungs D. Exhaled by sweat glands The correct answer is C. Exhaled by lungs. As the sole agent, N2O (50%) has been used with O2 for dental and obstetric analgesia. It is nontoxic to liver, kidney and brain. However, prolonged N2O anaesthesia has the potential to depress bone marrow and cause peripheral neuropathy. Metabolism of N2O does not occur; it is quickly removed from the body by lungs. It is cheap and commonly used. Reference: Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, KD Tripathi, Seventh edition page no 378 CLICK HERE FOR MORE MCQs

 # If hematoma formation occurs after posterior superior alveolar nerve block, it is due to the damage of: A. Pterygoid venous plexus B. Small capillaries and arterioles in the region C. Facial artery D. Internal maxillary artery The correct answer is A. Pterygoid venous plexus. Complications after posterior superior alveolar nerve block 1. Hematoma: a. This is commonly produced by inserting the needle too far posteriorly into the pterygoid plexus of veins. In addition, the maxillary artery may be perforated. Use of a short needle minimizes the risk of pterygoid plexus puncture. b. A visible intraoral hematoma develops within several minutes, usually noted in the buccal tissues of the mandibular region. (1) There is no easily accessible intraoral area to which pressure can be applied to stop the hemorrhage. (2) Bleeding continues until the pressure of extravascular blood is equal to or greater than that of intravascular blood. Reference: Handbook of Local Anesthesia, Malamed, 6th E...

# Medial dislocation of fractured condyle in subcondylar fracrure is caused by: A. Medial pterygoid B. Lateral pterygoid C. Masseter D. Buccinator # A dental surgeon has recoverd from Hepatitis B by 3 months rest. His laboratory findings are normal but he is not allowed to attend patients as per medical board as he is: A. healthy carrier B. active carrier C. convalescent carrier D. paradoxical carrier