SEARCH:

Management of a hemophilic patient is done with:

 # Which one of the following can be used in the management of a hemophilic patient?
A. Ascorbic acid
B. Tranexamic acid
C. Acetic acid
D. Palmitic acid



The correct answer is B. Tranexamic Acid.

Tranexamic acid may be useful in mucosal bleeding. For more serious or persistent bleeds, haemostasis can be achieved with selected factor VIII concentrates which contain considerable quantities of vWF in addition to factor VIII. Young children and patients with severe arterial disease should not receive DDAVP, and patients with type 2B disease develop thrombocytopenia which may be troublesome following DDAVP. Bleeding in type 3 patients responds to nothing apart from concentrate.

Reference: Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine, 22nd Edition, Page no: 1054

No comments:

Main laboratory findings in Rheumatoid arthritis

 # What are the main laboratory findings in Rheumatoid arthritis?
A. Elevated ESR and RA factor positive
B. Decreased ESR and RA factor negative
C. Increased level of uric acid in blood
D. Decreased level of calcium in blood


The correct answer is A. Elevated ESR and RA factor positive.

The diagnosis of RA is based on clinical grounds but investigations are useful in confirming the diagnosis and assessing disease activity. The ESR and CRP are usually raised but normal results do not exclude the diagnosis. ACPA are positive in about 70% of cases and are highly specific for RA, occurring in many patients before clinical onset of the disease. Similarly RF is positive in about 70% of cases, many of whom also test positive for ACPA. Low titres of RF are found in about 10% of the normal population and in other diseases. 

Reference: Davidson's Principles and Practice of  Medicine, 22nd Edition, Page no 1100

No comments:

The most common organism causing infective endocarditis following dental manipulation is a:

 # The most common organism causing infective endocarditis following dental manipulation is a:
A. Streptococcus viridans
B. Staphylococcus aureus
C. Group A Streptococci
D. Gram –ve rod


The correct answer is A. Streptococcus viridans.

Bacteremias have been shown to cause Infective endocarditis; viridans group streptococci are part of the normal oral flora and have been commonly found in Infective endocarditis; dental procedures can cause bacteremias because of Streptococcus viridans; a large number of case reports associate dental procedures with subsequent Infective endocarditis.

Reference: Contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, James R. Hupp, 6th Edition 2013, Page No: 314

No comments:

Knoop Hardness Number of enamel

 # Knoop Hardness Number (KHN) of enamel is:
A. 15
B. 55
C. 25-35
D. 350-430



The correct answer is D. 350-430 

The Knoop hardness test employs a diamond-tipped tool. The impression is rhombic in outline, and the length of the largest diagonal is measured. The load is divided by the projected area to give the Knoop hardness number (usually abbreviated as HK or KHN). 

Knoop hardness number of dentin is 68 and that of enamel is 350-459. Unfilled acrylic has KHN of 15 whereas hybrid composites have a KHN of 55-60. 

No comments:

Inducing Omission in Behavior management

#  You are treating a child patient. In the process of managing behavior of your patient you plan to induce omission, which refers to:
A. Pleasant consequence following a response
B. Withdrawal of an unpleasant stimulus after a response
C. Removal of a pleasant stimulus after a particular response
D. Presentation of an unpleasant  stimulus after a response


The correct answer is C. Removal of a pleasant stimulus after a particular response

Omission
Also called as ‘timed-out’, involves removal of pleasant stimulus after a particular response. For example if a child who throws temper tantrum has his favorite toy taken away for a short time as a consequence of this behavior, the probability of similar behavior is decreased. Because children are likely to regard attention by others as a very pleasant stimulus, withholding attention following undesirable behavior is use of omission that is likely to reduce the unwanted behavior.

Reference: Pedodontics Practice and Management, Badrinatheswar GV, First Edition 2010 Page no: 101

No comments:

Structures passing through foramen ovale are all EXCEPT:

 # All of the following structures pass through foramen ovale except:
(a) Mandibular nerve
(b) Anterior division of middle meningeal artery
(c) Lesser superficial petrosal nerve
(d) Emissary vein connecting pterygoid venous plexus to cavernous sinus



The correct answer is B. Anterior division of middle meningeal artery.

Foramen ovale contents: (Mnemonic: MALE)
(i) Mandibular nerve.
(ii) Accessory middle meningeal artery.
(iii) Lesser petrosal nerve.
(iv) Emissary vein: connecting the pterygoid venous plexus to the cavernous sinus.

Reference: TEXTBOOK OF ANATOMY HEAD, NECK AND BRAIN, Volume III, 2nd Edition Vishram Singh, Page No.  320

No comments:

Area of the lateral aspect of skull that overlies the anterior division of middle meningeal artery:

 # The area of the lateral aspect of skull that overlies the anterior division of middle meningeal artery is called:
(a) Bregma
(b) Asterion
(c) Pterion
(d) Inion


The correct answer is C. Pterion.


The region in the anterior part of the temporal fossa where four bones (frontal, parietal, squamous temporal, and greater wing of the sphenoid) meet to form an H-shaped suture is called pterion. It is situated 4 cm above the midpoint of the zygomatic arch.

The pterion overlies the anterior division of middle meningeal artery, which ruptures following a blow in this region to form an extradural hematoma (a clot formation between the skull bone and the dura mater). The clot, if big, may compress the brain leading to unconsciousness or even death. Therefore, it should be removed as early as possible by trephination or craniotomy.

Reference: TEXTBOOK OF ANATOMY HEAD, NECK AND BRAIN, Volume III, 2nd Edition Vishram Singh, Page No.  18

No comments:
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)