The Knutson’s technique of fluoride application is done in the years:

 # The Knutson’s technique of fluoride application is done in the years:

A. 3,7,11,13

B. 2,6,10,16

C. 8,13,18,31

D. 2,7,11,18

The correct answer is A. 3,7,11,13

It is the technique recommended by Knutson for the application of 2% neutral sodium fluoride. It consists of 4 applications at weekly intervals in a year at age group of 3, 7, 11, and 13 years. This age group was selected depending on the eruption of deciduous dentition, first permanent molar and incisors, premolar and canines and second molars respectively.

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Interceptive orthodontics does not include:

 # Interceptive orthodontics does not include:

A. Space maintainer

B. Oral hygiene measure

C. Frenectomy

D. Serial extraction

The correct answer is: B. Oral Hygiene Measure.

Various interceptive orthodontic procedures that will help in the correction or reduction of the severity of malocclusions are listed below:

• Serial extraction/guidance of occlusion
• Correction of developing crossbites
• Control of abnormal oral habits
• Proximal stripping of deciduous teeth to facilitate the eruption of adjacent permanent teeth
• Correction of occlusal interferences
• Interception of skeletal malrelations
• Space regaining
• Muscle exercises
• Removal of soft tissue and bony barriers
  
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In case of rampant caries, the ideal procedure to perform in the first visit is to:

 # In case of rampant caries, the ideal procedure to perform in the first visit is to:

A. Diet control instructions

B. Topical fluoride application

C. Gross excavation and restoration of teeth

D. Oral hygiene instructions

The correct answer is C. Gross excavation and restoration of teeth

RECOMMENDED TREATMENT PROTOCOL FOR RAMPANT CARIES

First visit:

• Lesions should be excavated and restored with ZOE.

• Drainage of abscess.

• Radiographs

• Diet chart should be given to record diet for 1 week.

• Parent counseling.

• Also topical fluoride administration.

Second visit: (one week after first week)

• Analysis of diet chart.

• Isolate sugar factors from the diet chart and control sugar exposure (diet instructions).

• Caries activity tests.

Third visit:

• Endodontic treatment.

• Extraction of unrestorable teeth followed by space maintenance.

• Crowns.

• Recall every 3 months.

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The periodontal disease index was given by:

 # The periodontal disease index was given by:

A. Russel 

B. Ramfjord

C. Silness and Loe

D. Dean

The correct answer is B. Ramjford.

A method of assessing the periodontal status, first defined by Ramfjord in 1967, and used to establish the need for treatment and to evaluate the results following treatment. It is a modification of the periodontal disease index of Russell. Six teeth are examined and scored for gingivitis, calculus and plaque deposits, mobility, lack of tooth contact, and depth of gingival crevice (mobility and lack of tooth contact may be omitted). The PDI is the total of the scores for each tooth divided by the number of teeth examined: the higher the score, the more severe the periodontal disease.

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Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) was introduced first in:

 # Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) was introduced first in:

A. USA

B. Tanzania

C. China

D. New Zealand

The correct answer is B. Tanzania.

Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) was initiated in the mid-eighties in Tanzania in response to an inappropriately functioning community oral health programme that was based on western health care models and western technology. The approach has evolved to its present standing as an effective minimal intervention approach mainly because the originators anticipated the great potential of ART to alleviate inequality in oral health care, and because they recognised the need to carry out research to investigate its effectiveness and applicability. Twenty-five years later, ART was accepted by the World Health Organisation (1994) and the FDI World Dental Federation (2002). It is included in textbooks on cariology, restorative dentistry and minimal intervention dentistry. It is being systematically introduced into public oral health service systems in a number of low- and middle income countries.

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Incidence can be best studied by:

# Incidence can be best studied by:

A. Cross sectional study

B. Longitudinal study

C. Cohort study

D. Case control study

The correct answer is B. Longitudinal Study.

At the most basic level, epidemiologic study designs are cross-sectional or longitudinal. A cross sectional study is one in which both exposure to risk factors and the health outcomes in a group of people who are, or are assumed to be, a sample of a particular population (a “cross section”) are assessed at the same time. A longitudinal study is one in which the same group of people is studied on two or more occasions so that incidence, the change in a condition over time, can be assessed.

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Pulp horn that is most likely to be exposed during cavity preparation on deciduous molars is:

 # Pulp horn that is most likely to be exposed during cavity preparation on deciduous molars is:

A. Mesiobuccal of first molar

B. Distobuccal of first molar

C. Mesiobuccal of second molar

D. Distobuccal of second molar

The correct answer is A. Mesiobuccal of first molar

The mesiobuccal pulpal horn of the primary first molars occupies a prominent portion of the pulp chamber. It is the largest pulp horn in both the maxillary and mandibular first primary molar and is commonly exposed during cavity preparation.

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