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Carcinoma due to chronic irritation is:

 # Carcinoma due to chronic irritation is:
A. Kangri cancer
B.  Countryman’s injury
C. Chimney-sweepers cancer
D. All of the above



The correct answer is D. All of the above.

Kangri cancer is a type of squamous-cell carcinoma of the skin. It is found only in Kashmir in the northwest of the Indian subcontinent. It occurs on the lower abdomen and inner thighs and is due to the use of a kanger, a ceramic pot covered with wicker-work, carried as a source of warmth during cold weather. 

Actinic cheilitis is cheilitis (lip inflammation) caused by long term sunlight exposure. Essentially it is a burn, and a variant of actinic keratosis which occurs on the lip. It is a premalignant condition, as it can develop into squamous cell carcinoma (a type of mouth cancer). This is also known as sailor's lip or farmer's lip or countryman's lip.

Chimney sweep's cancer, also called soot wart, is a squamous cell carcinoma of the skin of the scrotum. It has the distinction of being the first reported form of occupational cancer, and was initially identified by Percivall Pott in 1775. It was initially noticed as being prevalent amongst chimney sweeps.



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Therapy of choice for diffuse toxic goiter in a patient over 45 years is:

 # Therapy of choice for diffuse toxic goiter in a patient over 45 years is:
A. Surgery
B. Antithyroid drugs
C. Radioiodine
D. Antithyroid drugs first, followed by surgery



The correct answer is C.  Radioiodine

Diffuse toxic goiter Treatment: 
a) Above 45 years - Radioiodine
b) Below 45 years
- Surgery - for large goitre
- Antithyroid drugs or radioiodine - for small goiter

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Which of the following is the first sign that appears in hemorrhagic shock?

 # Which of the following is the first sign that appears in hemorrhagic shock?
A. Hypotension
B. Tachycardia
C. Vasoconstriction
D. Syncope



The correct answer is B. Tachycardia

  • Hypovolemic shock develops after the loss of 40% of blood.
  • Tachycardia is earliest sign of hemorrhagic shock.
  • Hypovolemic shock is the most common type of shock in the victim of maxillofacial trauma.
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Pain due to gallstone can be perceived in all areas except:

 # Pain due to gallstone can be perceived in all areas except:
A. Right shoulder
B. Right hypochondrium
C. Right iliac fossa
D. Epigastrium



The correct answer is C. Right iliac fossa.

Gallstones may cause no signs or symptoms. If a gallstone lodges in a duct and causes a blockage, the resulting signs and symptoms may include:
  • Sudden and rapidly intensifying pain in the upper right portion of your abdomen (right hypochondrium)
  • Sudden and rapidly intensifying pain in the center of your abdomen, just below your breastbone (epigastrium)
  • Back pain between your shoulder blades
  • Pain in your right shoulder
  • Nausea or vomiting
Gallstone pain may last several minutes to a few hours.

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Crown and loop space maintainer is a procedure in:

 # Crown and loop space maintainer is a procedure in:
A. Interceptive orthodontics
B. Preventive orthodontics
C. Corrective orthodontics
D. Orthodontic camouflage



The correct answer is B. Preventive Orthodontics

Following are some of the most commonly undertaken preventive orthodontic measures:
  • Parent education
  • Caries control
  • Care of deciduous dentition
  • Maintenance of shedding and eruption timetable
  • Management of premature loss of deciduous teeth
  • Management of ankylosis of deciduous teeth
  • Management of prolonged retention of deciduous teeth
  • Extraction of supernumerary teeth
  • Management of oral habits
  • Management of deeply locked first permanent molars
  • Treatment of occlusal prematurities
  • Management of abnormal frenum attachments
  • Prevention of Milwaukee braces damage
  • Space maintainers

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The Knutson’s technique of fluoride application is done in the years:

 # The Knutson’s technique of fluoride application is done in the years:
A. 3,7,11,13
B. 2,6,10,16
C. 8,13,18,31
D. 2,7,11,18



The correct answer is A. 3,7,11,13

It is the technique recommended by Knutson for the application of 2% neutral sodium fluoride. It consists of 4 applications at weekly intervals in a year at age group of 3, 7, 11, and 13 years. This age group was selected depending on the eruption of deciduous dentition, first permanent molar and incisors, premolar and canines and second molars respectively.

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Interceptive orthodontics does not include:

 # Interceptive orthodontics does not include:
A. Space maintainer
B. Oral hygiene measure
C. Frenectomy
D. Serial extraction




The correct answer is: B. Oral Hygiene Measure.

Various interceptive orthodontic procedures that will help in the correction or reduction of the severity of malocclusions are listed below:
  • Serial extraction/guidance of occlusion
  • Correction of developing crossbites
  • Control of abnormal oral habits
  • Proximal stripping of deciduous teeth to facilitate the eruption of adjacent permanent teeth
  • Correction of occlusal interferences
  • Interception of skeletal malrelations
  • Space regaining
  • Muscle exercises
  • Removal of soft tissue and bony barriers

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