Part of the brain responsible for posture and coordination of movements:

 # Part of the brain responsible for posture and coordination of movements:

A. Cerebellum

B. Cerebrum

C. Medulla oblongata

D. Corpus callosum

The correct answer is A. Cerebellum.

The cerebellum lies dorsal to the pons and medulla and consists of two lateral hemispheres: the cerebellar hemispheres and a median worm-like part called vermis. It is connected to the midbrain, pons, and medulla by superior, middle, and inferior cerebellar peduncles, respectively. The surface of cerebellum has narrow transverse ridges called folia (leaf-like in sections) separated by deep fissures. 

Functionally, the cerebellum is mainly concerned with the involuntary control of somatic motor activities, essential for the maintenance of equilibrium, muscle tone, and posture.

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Which type of neurotransmitter is found in basal ganglia?

 # Which type of neurotransmitter is found in basal ganglia?

A. Epinephrine

B. Histamine

C. GABA

D. Dopamine

The correct answer is C. GABA.

Basal ganglia is involved with movement control. It modulates information from the thalamus to the motor cortex in the execution of movement. GABA (Gamma Amino butyric acid) found in basal ganglia is an important neurotransmitter for many inhibitory synaptic connections. 

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Acellular, condensed layer that forms a barrier

# An acellular, condensed layer that forms a barrier between the epithelium and connective tissues is called:

A. Basement membrane

B. Gap junctions

C. Desmosomes

D. Luminal surface

The correct answer is A. Basement membrane.

An acellular, condensed layer that forms a barrier between the epithelium and connective tissues is called basement membrane (lamina). Luminal surface is the surface of the lumen and may contain specialized structures such as cilia, microvilli, or sterocilia. Desmosomes (macula densa) are small, circular patches deep in the zonula adherens. Gap junctions are small pores found between adjacent cells that allow the passage of small molecules. 

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Which of the following is not an important division of subclavian artery?

 # Which of the following is not an important division of subclavian artery?

A. Thyrocervical trunk

B. Internal thoracic artery

C. Carotid artery

D. Vertebral artery

The correct answer is C. Carotid artery.

A. VERTEBRAL ARTERY: Supplies the brain.

B. INTERNAL THORACIC ARTERY: Descends to supply the diaphragm and terminates as the superior epigastric artery, which helps to supply the abdominal wall.

C. THYROCERVICAL OR CERVICOTHYROID TRUNK: Divides into three arteries- the transverse cervical artery, suprascapular artery and the inferior thyroid artery.

D. COSTOCERVICAL TRUNK: divides into two branches- the superior intercostals and deep cervical arteries, which supply muscles of intercostal spaces.

E. DORSAL SCAPULAR ARTERY: supplies the muscles of the scapular region. 

Carotid artery is not a part of subclavian artery.

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The most abundant protein in humans is:

 # The most abundant protein in humans is:

A. Fatty acids

B. Fiber

C. Carbohydrates

D. Collagen

The correct answer is D. Collagen.

Collagen is the most abundant protein in human body, characterized by its high rigidity and tensile strength.

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Which of the following collagen is found in cartilage?

 # Which of the following collagen is found in cartilage?

A. Type 1

B. Type 2

C. Type 3

D. Type 4

The correct answer is B. Type 2.

Several types of Collagen are found in different body tissues.

a. Type I - Skin, tendon, bone, dentin

b. Type II - Cartilage

c. Type III - Aorta, fetal skin

d. Type IV - Basement membrane

e. Type V - Placenta, Skin

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Percentage of proline in collagen

 # Approximately one third of collagen is glycine and about _______ is proline.

A. 14 %

B. 12 %

C. 10 %

D. 5 %

The correct answer is C. 10 %.

Approximately one third of collagen is glycine (every third position) and ten percent is proline.

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