Which of the following cannot be reliably used for handwashing?

# Which of the following cannot be reliably used for handwashing?

A. Lysol

B. Cresol

C. Isopropyl alcohol

D. Chlorhexidine

The correct answer is A. Lysol.

Lysol is a phenolic compound derived from coal tar and is highly toxic to humans. It is recommended for disinfection of surfaces in hospital. 

These can be reliably used for handwashing: 

- Chlorhexidine

- Alcohols (isopropyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol)

- Iodine

- Cresol

- Chloroxylenol (dettol)

- Hexachlorophane

- Tincture of iodine

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Pseudomonal infection should not be cleaned by:

 # Pseudomonal infection should not be cleaned by:

A. Dettol

B. Hypochlorite

C. Chlorine

D. Betadine

The correct answer is A. Dettol.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is heat-labile bacteria, readily killed at 55 degrees celcius in 1 hour. It is also highly susceptible to acid, silver salts, 2% alkaline glutaraldehyde, and disinfectants. 

Due to its sensitivity to silver salts, silver sulphonamide compounds have been used as topical cream in burns. However, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is very strongly resistant to common antiseptics and disinfectants, such as chloroxylenol (dettol), hexachlorophane and quartenary ammonium compounds. Indeed, selective media have been devised for isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa incorporating dettol or cetrimide. 

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Extractions can be done in ANUG patients after:

 # Extractions can be done in ANUG patients after:

A. At first appointment

B. 4 weeks

C. 4 months

D. 1 week

The correct answer is B. 4 weeks.

Unless an emergency exists, extractions and periodontal surgeries are postponed until the patient has been symptom free for a period of 4 weeks to minimize the likelihood of exacerbation.

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Mouthwash used in ANUG is:

 # Mouthwash used in ANUG is:

A. Chlorhexidine

B. Normal saline

C. Hydrogen peroxide

D. Stannous fluoride

The correct answer is C. Hydrogen peroxide.

At the first visit, treatment should be aimed at reducing the microbial load and remove the necrotic tissue. Topical anesthetics and antibiotic regimen should be recommended. Patient should be instructed to to rinse mixture of 3% hydrogen peroxide and warm water once every two hours. For the third visit, hydrogen peroxide rinses discontinued and chlorhexidine mouthwash is to be continued 2 to 3 weeks. 

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Laboratory test of ANUG is:

 # Laboratory test of ANUG is:

A. Complement fixation

B. Dark field examination

C. Tissue culture

D. Animal inoculation

The correct answer is B. Dark field examination.

- Dark field microscopy is used to examine live microorganisms that are invisible in ordinary light and cannot be stained by ordinary methods.

- It is used to study the motility in case of spirochetes.

- In ANUG, dark field microscopy, helps in visualizing the spirochetal and treponemal organisms. 

- Silver impregnation technique and dark field microscopy are done to visualize spirochetes during laboratory examination.

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Symptoms of ANUG are:

 # Symptoms of ANUG are:

A. Lesions are sensitive to touch

B. Metallic foul taste

C. Radiating pain

D. All of the above

The correct answer is D. All of the above.

Symptoms of ANUG are:

- Lesions are extremely sensitive to touch.

- Patient complains of constant radiating pain that is intensified by eating spicy and hot food. Metallic foul taste is present. Excessive pasty saliva is characteristic. 

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Pseudomembrane can be seen in:

 # Pseudomembrane can be seen in:

A. ANUG 

B. Diphtheria

C. Candidiasis

D. Syphilis

E. All of the above

The correct answer is E. All of the above

Pseudomembrane in oral cavity is composed of fibrin and necrotic cells. It is formed in various diseases such as ANUG, Erythema multiforme,Aphthous ulcer, Pemphigus vulgaris, Syphilis, Diphtheria, Candidiasis, and in gingival enlargement with Vitamin C deficiency.

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