Lazarine leprosy is a variant of:

 # Lazarine leprosy is a variant of:

A. Lepromatous leprosy

B. Tuberculoid leprosy

C. Intermediate leprosy

D. Dimorphic leprosy

The correct answer is A. Lepromatous leprosy.

Lazarine leprosy: This an unusual type of the disease characterized by ulceration and gangrene. The early lesions are bullae, which soon rupture and become gangrenous. It includes achromic and hypochromic spots of the lepra called lazarine (systematized nervous lepra with leprous erythema, pemphigoid and escharotic), and finally of mixed lepra. 

CLICK HERE FOR MORE MCQs

Opsonins are:

 # Opsonins are:

A. C3a

B. IgM

C. Carbohydrate binding proteins

D. Selectins

The correct answer is C. Carbohydrate binding proteins.

Opsonins 

• Chemicals causing opsonisation 

• They are specific carbohydrate binding proteins 

Examples of opsonins 

• C3b 

• Fc fragment of antibody or IgG 

• Some serum proteins (like fibrinogen, mannose binding lectin and C reactive protein) 

CLICK HERE FOR MORE MCQs

Origin and insertion of which of the following muscles can be seen clearly from outside?

 # Origin and insertion of which of the following muscles can be seen clearly from outside?

A. Masseter

B. Platysma

C. Sternocleidomastoid

D. All of the above

The correct answer is C. Sternocleidomastoid.

Sternocleidomastoid forms the most important landmark on the side of the neck. It becomes prominent

when the face is turned to the opposite side and is seen as a raised ridge extending obliquely from the sternum to the mastoid process. It is the key muscle of the neck which extends obliquely across the side of the neck, dividing it into posterior and anterior triangles.

CLICK HERE FOR MORE MCQs

Chronological hypoplasia is:

 # Chronological hypoplasia is:

A. Hypoplasia of local origin

B. Hypoplasia of systemic origin

C. Hypoplasia of hereditary origin

D. None of the above

The correct answer is B. Hypoplasia of systemic origin.

Hypoplasia and hypocalcification may be caused by systemic, local or hereditary factors. Hypoplasia of systemic origin is termed as chronologic hypoplasia, because the lesion is found in the areas of those teeth where the enamel was formed during the systemic disturbance. 

CLICK HERE FOR MORE MCQs

Which of the following is most frequently noted in patient populations suffering from chronic temporomandibular joint disorder?

 # Which of the following is most frequently noted in patient populations suffering from chronic temporomandibular joint disorder?

A. Passive aggressive disorder

B. Borderline personality disorder

C. Sociopathy

D. Schizotypical behavior

E. Depression psychosis

The correct answer is E. Depression psychosis.

Depression psychosis is a condition which may worsen with the presence of TMJ dysfunction.

Several studies suggest that the presence of depression is a common condition among people experiencing chronic pain, especially TMD.

People most prone to TMJ possess a malocclusion. Other factors that cause TMJ disease include grinding teeth during sleep (bruxism), having an overbite, and rheumatoid arthritis.

CLICK HERE FOR MORE MCQs

Eruption time of deciduous maxillary second molar is:

 # Eruption time of deciduous maxillary second molar is:

A. 18 months

B. 20 months

C. 24 months

D. 28 months

The correct answer is D. 28 months.

The range of time for the crowns of primary dentition to fully erupt is between 7 to 30 months, whereas crown formation of all primary teeth is completed by 12 months of age. The range of time for the crowns of permanent dentition to fully erupt is between 6 to 13 years, (except for third molar).

CLICK HERE FOR MORE MCQs

The major connector of choice in a patient with high lingual frenum is:

 # The major connector of choice in a patient with high lingual frenum is:

A. Lingual bar

 B. Labial bar

C. Lingual plate

D. None of the above

The correct answer is C. Lingual plate.

Indications of Lingual plate mandibular major connector:

- When most posterior teeth are lost and additional indirect retention is required.

- When remaining teeth are not periodontally sound.

- When there is no space for lingual bar.

- Presence of inoperable mandibular tori.

- When patient has bilateral distal extension edentulous areas and resorbed ridges and when anterior teeth lack bony support.

- When one or more incisor teeth have to be replaced in the future. The lingual plate is preferred because additional teeth can be added by attaching retention loops to it.

- When there is excessive vertical ridge resorption in Kennedy’s class I cases to resist horizontal rotations.

CLICK HERE FOR MORE MCQs