Amount of fluoride in smear size toothpaste for children age less than 3 years:

 # Amount of fluoride in smear size toothpaste for children age less than 3 years: 

a. 0.1mg 

b. 0.2 mg 

c. 0.5 mg 

d. 1 mg 

The correct answer is A. 0.1 mg.

For children younger than 3 years, caregivers should begin brushing children's teeth as soon as they begin to come into the mouth by using fluoride toothpaste in an amount no more than a smear or the size of a grain of rice. Teeth should be brushed thoroughly twice per day (morning and night) or as directed by a dentist or physician. Children's brushing should be supervised to ensure that they use the appropriate amount of toothpaste.

Source: AAPD recommendation 2021

A person with glaucoma should not receive:

 # A person with glaucoma should not receive: 

a. Sedatives 

b. Vasoconstrictors 

c. Anti-sialogogues 

d. Local anesthetics 

The correct answer is C. Anti-sialogogues.

Antimuscarinic mydriatics like tropicamide, cyclopentolate, etc. produce both mydriasis and cycloplegia, and tend to raise i.o.p. in glaucoma patients. Therefore, antimuscarinics are to be avoided in glaucoma patients. 

Procedure necessary to preserve and restore anterior guidance

 # A dentist is preparing all maxillary anterior teeth for metal-ceramic crowns. Which of the following procedures is necessary to preserve and restore anterior guidance? 

A. Protrusive record 

B. Template for provisional restorations 

C. Custom incisal guide table 

D. Interocclusal record in centric relation 

The correct answer is C. Custom incisal guide table.

Anterior guidance must be preserved by means of construction of a custom incisal guide table, especially when restorative procedures change the surfaces of anterior teeth that guide the mandible in excursive (lateral, protrusive) movements. 

A cyst formed when the stellate reticulum degenerates:

 # A cyst formed when the stellate reticulum degenerates: 

a. Eruption cyst 

b. Dentigerous cyst 

c. Keratocyst 

d. Radicular cyst 

The correct answer is A. Eruption cyst.

An eruption cyst is a type of dentigerous cyst formed when the stellate reticulum degenerates, leaving a cavity lined by the outer enamel epithelium before or during tooth eruption.

Eruption cyst is defined as an odontogenic cyst with the histologic features of a dentigerous cyst that surrounds a tooth crown that has erupted through bone but not soft tissue and is clinically visible as a soft fluctuant mass on the alveolar ridges.

An eruption cyst or ‘eruption hematoma’ is in fact a dentigerous cyst occurring in the soft tissues (Shear, 1992). Whereas the dentigerous cyst develops around the crown of an unerupted tooth lying in the bone, the eruption cyst occurs when a tooth is impeded in its eruption within the soft tissue overlying the bone.

60-74 micrometer sized particles contained in:

 # 60-74 micrometer sized particles contained in: 

A. Coarse grit diamond bur 

B. Medium grit diamond bur 

C. Fine grit diamond bur 

D. Very fine grit diamond bur 

The correct answer is C. Fine grit diamond bur.

The particle sizes of coarse, medium, fine and very fine grit diamond burs are 125-150 micrometer, 88-125 micrometer, 60-74 micrometer and 38-44 micrometer respectively. 

The width of keratinized gingiva is measured as the distance from the:

 # The width of keratinized gingiva is measured as the distance from the: 

A. Free gingival margin to the mucogingival junction 

B. Cementoenamel junction to the mucogingival junction 

C. Free gingival groove to the mucogingival junction 

D. Free gingival margin to the base of the pocket 

The correct answer is A. Free gingival margin to the mucogingival junction.

Keratinized gingiva extends from the free gingival margin to the mucogingival junction. The attached gingiva extendsfrom the free gingival groove to the mucogingival junction. 

What is a second-order bend in orthodontic wire?

# What is a second-order bend in orthodontic wire? 

A. Bend to position a tooth buccolingually 

B. Bend to provide angulation of a tooth in mesiodistal direction (tip) 

C. Bend to provide correct angulation of a tooth in labiolingual direction (torque) 

D. Bend to rotate a tooth 

The correct answer is B. Bend to provide angulation of a tooth in mesiodistal direction (tip) 

A second-order bend is placed to provide angula tion of a tooth in the mesiodistal direction, also called “tip.” A first-order bend is placed in an arch wire to position a tooth in the labiolingual direc tion (in-out bend) or to rotate a tooth as seen in the occlusal plane. A bend to provide angulation in the labiolingual direction is called a third-order bend (torquing bend).