Dentosphere : World of Dentistry

 # The ‘hanging drop appearance’ in the maxillary sinus radiograph indicates: a) A nasal polyp  b) A blow out fracture of the orbit c) A radiograph artifact  d) An antrolith The correct answer is B. A blow-out fracture of the orbit. Orbital blow out fracture occurs when a rounded object struck the protruding eyeball resulting in a fracture of the orbital floor. "Blow in" fracture is due to inward buckling of the orbital floor. It usually occurs in children and results from trauma to the inferior orbital rim. Hanging drop sign is best seen in the Water's projection of the face. Characteristics of blow out fracture: • Rupture of infraorbital plate and herniation of orbital contents into the maxillary antrum • Fracture of the orbital floor into the maxillary antrum without the involvement of the orbital rim • Restriction of lateral and upward movement of the eyeball • Enophthalmos and profound diplopia • Hanging drop appearance in the radiograph

 # Microabrasion is a procedure in clinical orthodontics performed to: a) Clean the bracket base b) Clean the arch wire c) Polishing the bracket d) Removal of white spot lesions. The correct answer is D. Removal of white spot lesions. Microabrasion is a method used to remove surface stains or defects. Enamel microabrasion is a minimally invasive technique for improving the appearance of teeth with superficial enamel irregularities and discoloration defects.  Tooth enamel defects amenable to microabrasion are brown or white stains or spots associated with conditions such as enamel fluorosis, hypomineralisation, decalcified areas around orthodontic brackets, or other intrinsic factors that do not respond to bleaching alone. In fact, microabrasion may be used either prior to and/or after dental bleaching to achieve uniform tooth color for these types of difficult-to-treat teeth.

 # Best route of heparin administration when IV line cannot be established is: A. Oral B. Subcutaneous C. Intramuscular D. Sublingual The correct answer is B. Subcutaneous. Dosage: Heparin is conventionally given i.v. in a bolus dose of 5,000–10,000 U (children 50–100 U/kg), followed by continuous infusion of 750–1000 U/hr. Intermittent i.v. bolus doses of UFH are no longer recommended. The rate of infusion is controlled by aPTT measurement which is kept at 50–80 sec. or 1.5–2.5 times the patient’s pretreatment value. If this test is not available, whole blood clotting time should be measured and kept at ~2 times the normal value. Deep s.c. injection of 10,000–20,000 U every 8–12 hrs can be given if i.v. infusion is not possible. The needle used should be fine and trauma should be minimum to avoid hematoma formation. Hematomas are more common with i.m. injection—this route should not be used. Low dose (s.c.) regimen 5000 U is injected s.c. every 8–12 hours, started before surgery a...

 # When using supplemental fluoride, which is the most important factor to be taken into consideration: a) Mean climatic temperature b) Number of topical fluoride treatments to be given c) Amount of supplemental fluoride given by the physician and the dentist d) Age of the child and level of fluoride in drinking water The correct answer is D. Age of the child and level of fluoride in drinking water.

 Tonsil stones, also known as tonsilloliths, are small, white or yellowish formations that can form on or in the tonsils. They are caused by debris, including bacteria and food particles, getting trapped in the tonsils' crevices and hardening over time. There are several ways to remove tonsil stones, and the best method for you will depend on the size and location of the stones, as well as your overall health and any other symptoms you may be experiencing. Here are a few methods to remove tonsil stones: Gently cough: This method is effective for small tonsil stones that are located near the surface of the tonsils. Try to gently cough up the stones using a deep, hacking cough. Use a water pick or oral irrigator: A water pick or oral irrigator can be used to gently flush out tonsil stones. The water pressure can help to loosen the stones and wash them out of the tonsils. Use a cotton swab: Gently press a clean cotton swab against the tonsil stone to push it out of the tonsil crevice....

 Ludwig's angina is a serious and potentially life-threatening infection that affects the tissues of the floor of the mouth. It is a type of cellulitis, which is a spreading infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. The condition is named after Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig, a German physician who described the condition in 1836. The infection usually starts with inflammation and infection of the submandibular salivary glands, which are located just below the jawbone but can quickly spread to the surrounding tissues, including the tongue, the floor of the mouth, and the neck. Symptoms of Ludwig's angina can include: severe pain and swelling in the jaw, tongue, and neck difficulty swallowing and speaking drooling fever and chills swollen lymph nodes in the neck difficulty breathing (due to the swelling in the neck) Ludwig's angina is considered a medical emergency, and prompt treatment is essential to prevent potentially life-threatening complications, such as airway ...

 Anemia is a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen and carries it to the body's tissues. One of the common signs of anemia is fatigue and weakness, as the body's tissues are not getting enough oxygen. Other signs of anemia can include pale skin, shortness of breath, and a rapid or irregular heartbeat. Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, leading to an overproduction of abnormal white blood cells. Oral symptoms associated with anemia can include dry mouth, sore tongue, and a burning or tingling sensation in the tongue and mouth. The gums may appear pale, and there may be small, shallow ulcers or sores on the tongue and inside of the cheeks. Anemia can also cause difficulty swallowing and a loss of taste. In the case of leukemia, oral symptoms can include the following: Petechiae: Tiny red or purple spots on the gums, the roof of the mouth, and the buccal mucos...